To confirm the mainstream trend of enterprise development in the century, we should examine the major developments affecting enterprise development in the second half of the century.
Knowledge is replacing capital and energy as the main economic resource
The rapid economic development and technological innovation needs in the second half of the century have promoted the rapid development of computer technology and applications. In the mutual promotion of the two, knowledge has increased exponentially. The numbers grew explosively. With the interaction and accumulation of economic development, computer technology and application, and knowledge growth, the social environment that determines economic development in the 20th century has formed a new positioning information society and knowledge economy. The extensive impact of this social environment on the entire society is self-evident. Daniel Nian pointed out that knowledge is replacing capital and energy and becoming the main economic resource for creating wealth, which reveals the coming era of knowledge economy.
The ability of enterprise development can only be obtained through knowledge sharing
To survive and develop, enterprises must adapt to the new social environment, and the common material basis of the information society and the knowledge economy is able to adapt to dynamic and complex enterprises. A management information system for human-computer interaction that efficiently processes information. Therefore, in the new social environment of information society and knowledge economy, management information system has become the basic structure for the survival and development of enterprises, and the management information system implemented as an entire enterprise includes interrelated information management and knowledge management.
In the ever-changing market environment, only information-based organizations can survive in the dynamically changing competition. The information management system can collect, store, analyze and process a large amount of information for the enterprise according to changes in market demand, and maximize the consistency, completeness, clarity, accuracy and currency of the information. The enterprise adjusts its operations based on this information. Implement on-time and lean production operations in customization and processes to timely launch new products that meet market demand. Therefore, information management enables enterprises to achieve dynamic information-driven production operations.
In this era of mass customization, enterprise organizations cannot be standardized and universal processes but should have more dynamic, flexible, special and customized capabilities. This ability to determine enterprise development can only be effectively improved in a learning organization that shares knowledge and promotes each other. Knowledge management systems can provide strong technical and environmental support for learning organizations. Knowledge management is to manage the knowledge resources owned by an enterprise and promote the sharing and reuse of explicit and tacit knowledge of the enterprise. Knowledge management system is a comprehensive system that integrates management methods, knowledge engineering, intelligent processing and even decision-making and organizational strategic planning. It is the implementation platform of knowledge management. On this mutual collaboration platform, enterprise employees will obtain knowledge rather than simple information, thereby promoting the enterprise's tacit knowledge, that is, employees' judgment and understanding, to be explicit, realizing adaptive innovation of knowledge, and keeping the enterprise flexible. , highly open and adaptable development capabilities.
Scarce resources are effectively allocated in dynamic universal connections
The development of management information systems has gone through several stages. In the 1990s, Western management circles formed an important concept of providing the required quantity when needed for material requirements, and based on this, it developed into the basic material requirements planning theory. It is basically an integrated, mature information system management implemented for the company's material demand process. Subsequently, Western management circles continued to improve, and advanced management concepts such as closed loop, II (manufacturing resource planning), (enterprise resource planning), (supply chain management), (customer relationship management), and more integrated II emerged. Corresponding management software. The concepts lead the development trend of enterprise management information systems and represent the ideological essence of a complete and mature management information system. The concept is to include all resources related to the enterprise into its planning management, to pursue the optimal allocation of resources, smooth (no redundancy) operation of resources (process), and efficient output of resources in the universal correlation between resources. In this concept, the best management concept that combines openness, dynamics and synergy in a true sense is depicted and reflected. Basic, closed loop, Ⅱ is the continuous improvement towards the essence and , Ⅱ is the extension of the essence.
What was formed in the 1990s is a leap in management philosophy that is the best combination and perfect embodiment of economics (rational allocation of scarce resources) and philosophy (the universal connection of resources in dynamics) in contemporary management concepts. Philosophy has long proposed the idea of universal connection. The theoretical cornerstone of modern economics is the effective allocation of various scarce resources. However, it has always been a difficult problem to achieve a perfect combination of the two in management. In the information age and the social environment of the knowledge economy, relying on the infrastructure of the management information system as the material basis, people can finally realize the perfect combination of economic thought and philosophical principles in the management concept, which enables various scarce resources related to the enterprise to be used. Effective allocation in dynamic universal connections enables enterprises to maximize the use of social resources to achieve lean, punctual and efficient operations.
The contradiction between cooperation and competition among enterprises will tend to be unified in collaboration
The leap from II to the most fundamental management model is the integrated supply chain management formed in the 1990s, which is based on the internal logistics information of enterprises. Supply management extended to the outside of the enterprise integrates customer needs, external supply and demand resources of the enterprise and a series of resources within the enterprise into an overall resource chain to form an integrated supply chain. Therefore, integrated supply chain management is a model presentation of concepts and a leap in management models. On the one hand, it requires dynamic management of all links in the supply chain and an open cross-department and enterprise boundaries to form a horizontally integrated management system with the core of providing products or services to end users. It can effectively realize the reorganization and reorganization of social resources. Optimization In this management environment, the contradiction between cooperation and competition among enterprises will tend to be unified in collaboration. On the other hand, like institutional arrangements, the supply chain serves as an entity framework for enterprise collaboration, arranging the roles and status of participating enterprises based on the different levels of competitiveness that the enterprise is based on. In today's wave of industry integration and social resource reorganization, plays a leading role in.
The above reviewed the major developments that affected the development of enterprises in the second half of the century. The social environment has formed a new positioning of the information society and knowledge economy. Enterprises must build adaptive development based on management information systems. The social environment determines the adaptability of enterprises. Sexual development has caused a leap in management concepts and integrated supply chain management models. When this progress is examined in a relational manner, it is found that it has established the basic trend of enterprise development at the end of the last century, which is the specialized division of labor based on core resources in the basic organizational form of an integrated supply chain.
As a for-profit organization, on the one hand, companies are always facing fierce industry competition. To survive and develop in this competition, companies must constantly polish their competitiveness. On the other hand, companies are always facing a market environment with changing user needs. To adapt to users' increasingly high-standard and personalized needs, companies must invest limited resources more intensively into specialized products and services. Therefore, in the face of fierce industry competition and changing user needs, the wave of industry integration and social resource reorganization is always strong, and integration and reorganization are always carried out around a certain (rather than several) products or services. The purpose is to concentrate core resources to continuously Polish and enhance the core competitiveness that is the foundation of the enterprise. In the integrated supply chain organizational form, the competitiveness of enterprises has gained a new position in the energy level from low to high, so as to make reasonable and orderly arrangements for the entities in the organization. Enterprises that want to participate in the supply chain must be structured on the basis of information systems. Enterprises that have strong low-cost competitiveness and can be stable in the supply chain must have certain core competitiveness. The leader of supply chain integration must have comprehensive core competitiveness (core technology, brand, quality, market development capabilities) ) A strong leader in the supply chain integration of multinational companies must also have the highest-end core competitiveness, independent intellectual property rights, and core technologies that set industry standards.
This trend has acquired strong inertia due to reasonable development and accumulation. This inertia has continued and grown at the turn of the century and will have a lasting impact on the mainstream trend of enterprise development in the century. Some economists point out that future competition will shift from between companies to between supply chains and will be competition between collaborative clusters of companies in different supply chains that produce the same products. Therefore, it can be considered that the specialized division of labor based on core resources in the basic organizational form of the integrated supply chain is the mainstream trend of enterprise development in the century.
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