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z Working principle of water pump
(1) Working principle and characteristics of centrifugal pump
Working principle of centrifugal pump
Before starting the water pump, fill the pump and the water inlet pipe with water. After the water pump is started, Under the action of the centrifugal force generated by the high-speed rotation of the impeller, the water in the impeller flow channel is thrown around and pressed into the volute impeller inlet to form a vacuum pool. The water is sucked along the suction pipe under the external atmospheric pressure to replenish this space. Then the sucked water is thrown out by the impeller through the volute and enters the outlet pipe. It can be seen that if the impeller of the centrifugal pump continues to rotate, it can continuously absorb water and pressurized water, and the water can continuously rise from low to high or far away. To sum up, the centrifugal pump is called a centrifugal pump because it lifts water to a higher position under the action of centrifugal force generated by the high-speed rotation of the impeller.
General characteristics of centrifugal pumps
The flow direction of water along the centrifugal pump is suction along the axial direction of the impeller and perpendicular to the axial outflow, that is, the incoming and outgoing water flow directions form d with each other.
Since the centrifugal pump forms a vacuum to absorb water at the impeller inlet, it must be filled with water into the pump and the suction pipe before starting, or pumped with a vacuum pump to discharge the air to form a vacuum. The pump casing and suction pipe must be strictly sealed to prevent air leakage, otherwise If a vacuum cannot be formed, water cannot be sucked in.
Since it is impossible to form an absolute vacuum at the impeller inlet, the water suction height of the centrifugal pump cannot exceed meters. In addition, the actual allowable installation height (the height of the pump axis from the suction water surface) due to the loss caused by the water flowing through the suction pipeline is much less than z+ meters. If it is installed too high, it will not absorb water. In addition, since the atmospheric pressure in mountainous areas is lower than that in plains, the installation height of the same water pump should be lowered when installed in mountainous areas, especially in high mountainous areas, otherwise it will not be able to absorb water.