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High temperature coal tar washing oil decolorization and deodorization technology at room temperature

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HainanHaikou
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Hainan Provincial Institute of Marine Oil and Gas Research

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Product Details
高温煤焦油洗油常温脱色除臭技术
高温煤焦油是炼焦工业的副产品,蒸馏时一般被切割为轻油、酚油、萘油、洗油、蒽油和残留沥青等几个馏分。大多将洗油和萘油混在一起,再经脱萘处理提出重要的化工原料萘。其馏程为:170℃前为轻油(主要成分为粗苯);170-210℃为酚油;210-230℃为萘油;230-300℃为洗油。脱酚后的酚油称脱酚酚油;脱萘后的洗油称低萘洗油。没有深脱萘的洗油其质量符合GB3064-82国家标准,萘合量<15%,酚含量<0.5%。而低萘洗油含萘微量,一般国内现行焦化厂大多为洗油,极少数的焦化厂才有低萘洗油产品。
我国煤焦油洗油资源丰富,但由于我国焦化产品深加工能力较低,目前洗油和萘油脱萘后的剩余部分化工利用价值不大,大部分以柴油价格的三分之一到一半的价格出口。如果能将这部分产品开发为柴油燃料,则不仅可获得较大的社会效益,而且经济效益也将十分明显。
煤焦油洗油外观颜色很深,几乎黑色,没有透明度,除了含10-15%萘外,还有少量酚和较多的焦油酸、焦油碱,主要成分是结构复杂的各种不饱和芳烃和各种含氮、含硫和含氧化合物,因此、煤焦油洗油除了颜色黑,还伴随着异味。要想煤焦油洗油成为柴油组分,首先要解决脱色除臭问题,如一旦此难题得到解决,洗油作为柴油的调合组分就有很大希望。因为其馏分在柴油的馏程内,虽然密度大、着火难、易氧化、不稳定、胶质大、酸度大,对发动机腐蚀严重,但如能将洗油的颜色经脱色达到接近于国家标准柴油的色度,以上很多问题就迎刃而解了。
煤焦油洗油的脱色除臭研究课题,是1996年开始,虽然经多年反复脱色试验,其色度始终不理想。近二年来,换了新思路,着手将洗油进行脱萘、脱胶、脱酚、脱色、除臭,终于找到了一种多功能的脱色除臭剂,在常温常压下,加剂搅拌一小时,黑色洗油脱色成米黄色,和国标柴油颜色相当,而且煤焦油的刺激臭味也同时被除去,外观清亮透明,脱色后洗油从外观上和国标柴油难以分辨,而且可以任意比例与国标柴油混溶。目前煤焦油洗油在全国各焦化厂、煤气厂都有出售,价格大约3000元/T左右。如果将这些廉价煤焦洗油脱色除臭,作为替代柴油组分(要作为柴油产品还需进一步加剂调合改质),其经济效益每吨可达上千元(目前每吨洗油脱色除臭其加剂成本约60-80元)。主要设备为搅拌罐等。现对外转让技术,采取省、市独占转让,欢迎具有煤焦油洗油资源者来我地考查,自备油样,当场作脱色除臭试验。
单 位:海南省海洋油气研究所
地 址:海口市滨海大道华信路花园大厦19D
联系人:占教授
电    话:0898-66511122(办)、66295782(宅)、13118987582、13138987538
网络实名:中国汽油柴油技术网
 网址:www.66511122.cn 
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