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. Classification and development of mold steel sold by Dongguan Ouneng Mold Steel Co., Ltd.
Mold steel is mainly divided into three categories, cold work mold steel, hot work mold steel, and plastic molds steel.
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At present, the commonly used cold work die steels in our country are still mostly traditional typical steels such as carbon tool steel (,,,,), low alloy tool steel, high carbon high chromium steel, high speed steel, etc. species, but also introduced. A variety of new steel grades have been developed to meet increasing requirements.
Hot work die steel is mainly used to manufacture molds for pressure processing at high temperatures, such as hot forging dies, hot extrusion dies, die casting dies, hot heading dies, etc. With the increase of forging machinery capabilities, the complexity of the shape of workpieces, and especially the increase in the difficulty of processing materials to be processed, such as processing of titanium alloys, high alloy steels, stainless steels and heat-resistant steels, molds tend to be large-scale and high-performance. The requirements for the performance of hot work mold steel are also getting higher and higher. Traditional hot work mold steel and steel have a short service life due to their low thermal strength and thermal stability, which are prone to cracking and collapse. 3 Steel has high tungsten content, poor thermal vibration resistance, and is prone to thermal fatigue, leading to defects such as cracks. In recent years, some new hot work die steels with high thermal strength, high thermal fatigue resistance and good toughness have been introduced.
2. Blanking die
Blanking die is a special process equipment used to process metal or non-metal into parts or semi-finished products in cold stamping processing. It is a mold that separates materials along closed or open contours. Such as blanking dies, punching dies, cutting dies, incision dies, trimming dies, slitting dies, etc.
When the material to be punched is hard or has high deformation resistance, the convex and concave dies of the punching die should be made of materials with good wear resistance and high strength. The guide post and guide bushing require wear resistance and good toughness, so low carbon steel is mostly used for surface carburizing and quenching. For another example, the main shortcoming of carbon tool steel is poor hardenability. When the cross-section size of the die parts is large, the center hardness is still low after quenching. However, when working on a press with a large number of strokes, due to its resistance to Good impact is actually an advantage. Parts such as fixed plates and discharge plates must not only have sufficient strength, but also require small deformation during work. In addition, cold treatment and cryogenic treatment, vacuum treatment and surface strengthening methods can also be used to improve the performance of mold parts. For cold extrusion dies with poor working conditions of convex and concave dies, mold steel with sufficient hardness, strength, toughness, wear resistance and other comprehensive mechanical properties should be selected. At the same time, it should have certain red hardness and thermal fatigue strength. .
Therefore, there should be certain choices when manufacturing punching mold materials. Commonly used types of mold working parts materials are: carbon tool steel, low alloy tool steel, high carbon, high chromium or medium chromium tool steel, medium carbon Alloy steel, high-speed steel, matrix steel and cemented carbide, steel-bonded cemented carbide, etc.
． Carbon tool steel: The carbon tool steels that are most used in molds are, etc., with the advantages of good processing performance and low price. However, the hardenability and red hardness are poor, the heat treatment deformation is large, and the load-bearing capacity is low.
.Low alloy tool steel: Low alloy tool steel is based on carbon tool steel with an appropriate amount of alloying elements added. Compared with carbon tool steel, it reduces the tendency of quenching deformation and cracking, improves the hardenability of steel, and has better wear resistance. Low alloy steel used to make molds include,,,,, etc.
3. High carbon and high chromium tool steel: Commonly used high carbon and high chromium tool steels include and, which have good hardenability, hardenability and wear resistance. The heat treatment deformation is very small, and they are high wear resistance. Micro-deformation mold steel, its load-bearing capacity is second only to high-speed steel. However, the segregation of carbides is serious, and repeated upsetting (axial upsetting, radial pulling) and forging must be carried out to reduce the unevenness of carbides and improve performance.
.High carbon medium chromium tool steel: High carbon medium chromium tool steel used for molds includes, Has good hardenability and dimensional stability. Compared with high carbon high chromium steel where carbide segregation is relatively serious, the performance is improved.
.High-speed steel: High-speed steel has the highest hardness, wear resistance and compressive strength among mold steels, and has a high load-bearing capacity. Commonly used in molds include carbon-reduced and vanadium-reduced high-speed steel that contains less tungsten and is developed to improve toughness. High-speed steel also needs to be modified to improve its carbide distribution.
. Base steel: Add a small amount of other elements to the basic components of high-speed steel, and appropriately increase or decrease the carbon content to improve the performance of the steel. Such steel types are collectively called matrix steel. They not only have the characteristics of high-speed steel, with certain wear resistance and hardness, but also have better fatigue strength and toughness than high-speed steel. They are high-strength and tough cold-work die steels, but the material cost is lower than high-speed steel. Commonly used base steels in molds include, ,, 3, etc.
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