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Bandwidth is the rate at which data is transmitted. It is usually measured in millions of bits per second.
Latency is the time it takes for data to be transmitted, usually measured in seconds. For example, when transmitting over Ethernet, large data blocks are broken down into small fragments and then sent as multiple data packets. Latency is the transmission time of one of the packets.
The instrument implementation of bus software, firmware, and hardware will affect bus performance. Not all instruments are created equal. Whether it is a user-defined virtual instrument or a traditional instrument designed by a manufacturer, the compromises taken during the specific implementation of the instrument will affect instrument performance. One benefit of virtual instruments is that the end user, as the designer of the instrument, can make the optimal compromise decision during the instrument implementation process.
Industrial circuit board maintenance skills cannot rely too much on online testers:
. Functional testing cannot replace parameter testing
. Functional testing can only test the cutoff area, amplification area and saturation of the device However, it is impossible to understand the working frequency and speed at this time.
. For digital chips, we only know the output changes of high and low levels, but cannot detect the changing speed of its rising and falling edges.
. For analog chips, it deals with simulated changes. It is intricately affected by the different distribution of components in the circuit and the different signal solutions. It is impossible for the current online testing technology to solve the online testing of analog chips. Therefore, the results of this functional test are for reference only.
. Most online test programs will give a pass or fail test after functional testing of various chips on the circuit board. So why doesn't it tell us whether there is a problem with the device under test? This is the shortcoming of this type of tester. Because there are too many influencing (interfering) factors during online testing. It is required to take many measures before
testing (such as disconnecting the crystal oscillator and removing it, adding an isolated interrupt signal to the chip with the program, etc.) Whether this is effective is worthy of study.
At least the current test results are sometimes unsatisfactory.
. Readers who know about online testers all know this jargon. A chip that fails the online test is not necessarily damaged. A chip that passes the test must be
not damaged. It is explained that if the device is affected by online influence or anti-interference, the result may not pass. This is not difficult to understand. So will damaged chips fail when tested? The answer is indeed not definite. The author and colleagues have all encountered cases where the chip was obviously damaged (to be precise, the board stopped working after replacing this chip) but the test result was passed. The authoritative explanation is that this is caused by the working principle of the tester itself (rear drive technology). Therefore, we cannot rely too much on the function of the online tester (although the
manufacturers promote it very mysteriously), otherwise the work of repairing the circuit board will go astray.
When it comes to repairing a relatively unfamiliar circuit board without any schematic diagram, it is difficult to use past so-called experience. Even though people with strong hardware skills are confident in repairing, if the method If you don't work properly, you will get half the result with half the effort. So what can be done to improve maintenance efficiency? According to the statistics compiled by our company's imported equipment maintenance center, the following steps should be followed in an orderly manner.
The company has a large number of new and original products in stock at advantageous prices.
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Pan Gong
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