Year1
- 规格：
- 齐全
- 包装：
- 标准
- 用途：
- 广泛
%
%. The biggest feature of permalloy is its high weak magnetic field permeability. Their saturation magnetic induction intensity is generally between
.-
.
Permalloy can be divided into
%
～
%
alloy,
%
～
%
Alloy,
%
～
%
Alloy and
%
～
%
Alloy
Large kind. Each type can be made into materials with circular hysteresis loops, rectangular hysteresis loops or flat hysteresis loops.
Basic characteristics of permalloy: an iron-nickel soft magnetic alloy with extremely high magnetic permeability under weak magnetic fields.
In order to increase the resistivity and improve process performance,
,
,
and other elements are often added to
binary alloys.
Permalloy
In addition to
permalloy alloys, there are also iron-silicon-aluminum alloys and amorphous cobalt-based alloys.
Permalloy has excellent soft magnetic properties. The starting magnetic permeability
is
~
/
The large magnetic permeability
can be reached
~
/
Coercive force
is
/
Resistivity
is
~
d
.
The alloy is smelted in a vacuum induction furnace and undergoes hot-cold plastic deformation to produce cold-rolled strips, cold-drawn wires or hot-rolled (forged) plates and bars.
Used to make audio transformers, transformers, magnetic amplifiers, magnetic modulators, chokes, audio heads, etc.
Permalloy Introduction: The simplest Permalloy is an alloy composed of iron and nickel. Through proper rolling and heat treatment, Permalloy can have high magnetic permeability and can also reasonably match the content of iron and nickel. Obtain relatively high permalloy saturation magnetic induction intensity. However, this kind of permalloy has low resistivity and poor mechanical properties, so there are not many practical applications.
Permalloy, which is widely used at present, is based on iron and nickel and adds some other elements such as molybdenum and copper. The purpose of adding these elements is to increase the resistivity of the material to reduce the eddy current loss after making the iron core. At the same time, adding elements can also increase the hardness of the material, which is especially beneficial for wear applications such as magnetic heads.
%
～
%
Alloy.
In the range of nickel content
%
～
%
Magnetic crystal anisotropy
decreases with the increase of nickel content and the square ratio
Also becomes smaller and shows a circular hysteresis loop. This kind of circular loop is associated with high resistivity
(
when the nickel content is
%
=.
and when
%< br/>Time
=.)
The combination with the fine-grained isotropic microstructure results in lower core losses. For example, the loss of
%
alloy strip under
and
is
watts
kg
and
%
The corresponding loss of the alloy strip is
W
Kilogram
This type of alloy is suitable for square wave transformers, DC converters, etc.
%
～
%
Alloy.
The alloys within this composition range have the highest saturation magnetization among the permalloys and the easy magnetization direction is
. Rectangular hysteresis loops can be obtained by forming cubic textures for use in magnetic amplifiers, chokes and transformers. A circular hysteresis loop can also be obtained by forming a secondary recrystallized
{}
%
～
%
Alloy.
The alloy within this composition range has the highest Curie temperature and saturation magnetization, and is also in an ordered state. Therefore, the magnetic field heat treatment effect is particularly obvious and can produce strong induced magnetic anisotropy. Low temperature
(
Below the Curie point, about
℃
)
During magnetic field heat treatment, the hysteresis loop is rectangular, large DC magnetic permeability is high, but dynamic characteristics are poor
br/>High temperature
(
Below the Curie point, about
℃
)
During magnetic field heat treatment, the square ratio of the loop decreases, and the direct current is large and the magnetic permeability is not high. But the dynamic characteristics are good. Nickel-iron alloy containing about
%
of nickel
(
add
%
molybdenum
)
formed by high-temperature annealing
/>{}
Texture or fine-grain secondary recrystallization structure and then high-temperature longitudinal magnetic field heat treatment can significantly improve
and
. The nickel-containing nickel-iron alloy with fine-grained isotropic microstructure can be heat-treated in a longitudinal magnetic field to obtain a rectangular hysteresis loop material with good dynamic characteristics, which is suitable for magnetic amplifiers. After transverse magnetic field heat treatment, this alloy can obtain a low flat loop magnetic permeability that changes little within a certain magnetic field intensity range. It is called a constant magnetic permeability alloy and is suitable for making inductance components.
%
～
%
Alloy.
Permalloy in this composition range has the highest magnetic permeability. Although the neutralization of binary nickel-iron alloy
d
can not be reduced to zero at the same time, an appropriate amount of alloying elements such as molybdenum, chromium, copper, etc. are added within this composition range and then controlled heat treatment The cooling rate can make
and
d
of this alloy can reach
~
/
.
In the United States, Pozos
(r ..r)
and others used relatively pure raw materials to undergo vacuum smelting and finally melted them in pure hydrogen at
~
℃
High-temperature annealing obtains
and
an extremely high
alloy called superpermalloy. It
reaches
/
above
reaches
/
.
At the end of the century
Japan's production volume increased by adding niobium and tantalum to
%
After that, the fourth and fifth elements such as molybdenum, chromium, titanium, Aluminum, manganese, etc. have obtained permalloys with high hardness and high magnetic permeability, and their hardness is called hard permalloys. This type of alloy is suitable for making transformers, chokes, magnetic heads, magnetic shields, etc. In addition, this type of alloy can form a cubic texture and its loops can also be rectangular. At the same time, the order of the alloy can be controlled to show good dynamic characteristics, and it is very suitable for use in magnetic modulators, etc. The dust core made by adding
%
%
~
%
alloy powder has high resistance and good stability and can be
Used at the frequency of />.
The main magnetic properties of soft magnetic alloys are:
①
Coercivity
and hysteresis loss
Low
②
Resistivity< br/>Higher
Eddy current loss
Low
③
Initial permeability
and maximum permeability
High
Some The magnetic permeability of the alloy remains constant in the low magnetic field range
④
The saturation magnetic induction
()
High
⑤
Some alloys The hysteresis loop is rectangular
The rectangular ratio is higher than the residual magnet
/
large magnetic induction
(r)
. These magnetic properties are closely related to the structural state and composition of the alloy. Impurities such as carbon, sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen in alloys are particularly harmful to magnetism because they distort the lattice and make it difficult to magnetize. Carbon and nitrogen can also cause magnetic aging phenomena. Soft magnetic alloys generally require large grain sizes in finished products in order to reduce the
and
is low
adding certain alloying elements can increase the
value
The effect of adding silicon and aluminum is the most obvious. Adding any alloying element (except cobalt) to iron will reduce its saturation magnetic induction.
Iron-nickel alloy is a low-frequency soft magnetic material with high magnetic permeability and low coercive force in a weak magnetic field. Early iron-nickel alloys were used for telephone communications. Later, a heat treatment process and vacuum smelting method were used to greatly improve the alloy properties. The magnetic permeability of iron-nickel alloy containing
%
in a weak magnetic field is about
~
times higher than that of silicon steel. It is widely used in sensitive relays, magnetic shielding, telephone and radio transformers, In precision AC and DC instruments, current transformers (see transformers). Adding molybdenum, manganese, cobalt, copper, chromium and other elements to iron-nickel alloys can produce ternary and quaternary iron-nickel alloys with greater initial magnetic permeability and large magnetic permeability. Iron-nickel alloy has a narrow and steep hysteresis loop and has a large magnetic permeability and a small coercive force in a weak magnetic field
But its resistivity is not large
It is only suitable for use in
Work in the frequency range below MHz otherwise the eddy current loss will be too large. Iron-nickel alloy has good processing performance and can be made into various components with complex shapes and precise size requirements. However, its magnetic properties are relatively sensitive to mechanical stress. Process factors have a greater impact on the magnetic properties, such as stamping, which will reduce the product performance consistency.
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