Year1
- 规格：
- 齐全
- 包装：
- 标准
- 用途：
- 广泛
The main alloy elements are chromium, tungsten, molybdenum, cobalt, aluminum, titanium, boron, zirconium, etc. Among them, Etc. mainly play an antioxidant role and other elements have solid solution strengthening, precipitation strengthening and grain boundary strengthening.
It has high strength and certain resistance to oxidation and corrosion at high temperatures of
~
℃. Due to its high enough high temperature strength and resistance to oxidation and corrosion, it is often used in the manufacture of blades, engines, nuclear reactors, etc. High-temperature components on energy conversion equipment.
Nickel-based high-temperature alloys (
hereinafter referred to as nickel-based alloys)
were developed starting in the late 1990s. The United Kingdom first produced a nickel-based alloy (-.)
in 2010. In order to improve the creep strength, aluminum was added to develop the (-.-.)
. The United States also developed nickel-based alloys in the mid-1900s and the Soviet Union in the late 1990s. China also developed nickel-based alloys in the mid-1990s. The development of nickel-based alloys includes two aspects: improvement of alloy composition and innovation of production processes.
The development of vacuum melting technology in the early 1990s created conditions for refining nickel-based alloys containing high aluminum and titanium. Most of the early nickel-based alloys were deformed alloys.
In the late 1990s, due to the increase in the operating temperature of turbine blades, the alloy was required to have higher high-temperature strength. However, if the strength of the alloy was high, it would be difficult or even impossible to deform. Therefore, the investment precision casting process was used to develop a series of castings with good high-temperature strength. alloy.
In the mid-1990s, directional crystallization and single crystal superalloys and powder metallurgy superalloys with better performance were developed. In order to meet the needs of ships and industrial gas turbines, a number of high-chromium nickel-based alloys with good hot corrosion resistance and stable structure have been developed since the 1990s. In about
years from the beginning of the 1990s to the end of the 1990s, the operating temperature of nickel-based alloys increased from
℃ to
℃ on average every year
Around ℃.
Composition and properties
Nickel-based superalloys are the most widely used. The main reasons are that firstly, nickel-based alloys can dissolve more alloy elements and maintain better structural stability; secondly, they can form coherent and ordered
type intermetallic compounds [(
)]< br/>As a strengthening phase, the alloy can be effectively strengthened to obtain higher high-temperature strength than iron-based superalloys and cobalt-based superalloys. Thirdly, nickel-based alloys containing chromium have better oxidation and resistance properties than iron-based superalloys. Gas corrosion ability. Nickel-based alloys contain more than ten elements, which mainly play an anti-oxidation and anti-corrosion role, while other elements mainly play a strengthening role. According to their strengthening mode, they can be divided into: solid solution strengthening elements such as tungsten, molybdenum, cobalt, chromium and vanadium, precipitation strengthening elements such as aluminum, titanium, niobium and tantalum, grain boundary strengthening elements such as boron, zirconium, magnesium and rare earth elements, etc. .
Nickel-based high-temperature alloys include solid solution-strengthened alloys and precipitation-strengthened alloys according to their strengthening methods.
The production process is provided by Dongguan Jiawang Metal Materials Co., Ltd.
Smelting: In order to obtain purer molten steel, the gas content and harmful element content are reduced. At the same time, some alloys contain easily oxidized elements such as
It is difficult to control non-vacuum smelting. In order to obtain better thermoplastic nickel-based heat-resistant alloys, vacuum induction furnace smelting or even vacuum induction smelting plus vacuum consumable furnace or electroslag furnace remelting is used for production.
In terms of deformation: Forging and rolling processes are used for alloys with poor thermoplasticity, and even extrusion and billet rolling are used, or direct extrusion processes are covered with mild steel (
or stainless steel)
. The purpose of deformation is to optimize the microstructure of the casting structure.
In terms of casting: A vacuum induction furnace is usually used to smelt the master alloy to ensure the composition and control the gas and impurity content, and vacuum remelting
precision casting is used to make parts.
In terms of heat treatment: deformed alloys and some cast alloys need to undergo heat treatment, including solid solution treatment, intermediate treatment and aging treatment. Taking alloy as an example, its heat treatment system is divided into four stages: solid solution treatment
℃
Hour air cooling intermediate treatment
℃
Hour air cooling and one aging treatment
℃
Hour air cooling and two aging treatment
℃
Hour air cooling. In order to obtain the required organizational status and good overall performance.
②Nickel-based corrosion-resistant alloy
The main alloy elements are copper, chromium, and molybdenum. It has good comprehensive performance and can resist various corrosion and stress corrosion. The earliest application (
produced in the United States) is nickel-copper (
) alloy, also known as Monel alloy (
alloy)
In addition, there are nickel-chromium (
) alloys (It is the heat-resistant corrosion-resistant alloy among nickel-based heat-resistant alloys and corrosion-resistant alloys), nickel-molybdenum (
) nickel-chromium-molybdenum (
) alloy, etc. At the same time, pure nickel is also a typical representative of nickel-based corrosion-resistant alloys. These nickel-based corrosion-resistant alloys are mainly used to manufacture parts for various corrosion-resistant environments such as petrochemical industry and electric power.
Category Nickel-based corrosion-resistant alloys mostly have an austenitic structure. In the solid solution and aging treatment state, there are also intermetallic phases and metal carbonitrides on the austenite matrix and grain boundaries of the alloy. Various corrosion-resistant alloys are classified according to their composition and their characteristics are as follows:
Alloys are reduced during reduction The corrosion resistance in neutral media is better than that of nickel, and the corrosion resistance in oxidizing media is better than that of copper. It is the most resistant material to high temperature fluorine gas, hydrogen fluoride and hydrogen under oxygen-free and oxidizing conditions (see Jiawang Metal).
Alloys, that is, nickel-based heat-resistant alloys, are mainly used under oxidizing media conditions. Resistance to high temperature oxidation and corrosion from gases containing sulfur, vanadium and other gases. Its corrosion resistance increases with the increase in chromium content. This type of alloy also has good resistance to hydroxide (such as
,
) corrosion and stress corrosion resistance.
The alloy is mainly used under conditions of corrosion by reducing media. It is the most resistant alloy to salt corrosion, but its corrosion resistance will decrease significantly in the presence of oxygen and oxidation. The
alloy combines the properties of the
alloys and
alloys mentioned above. Mainly used under oxidation-reduction mixed media conditions. This type of alloy has good corrosion resistance in high-temperature hydrogen fluoride, in oxygen-containing and oxidizing salts, in hydrogen solutions, and in moisture at room temperature.
-
The alloy is resistant to both nitrate and sulfur corrosion and also has good corrosion resistance in some redox mixtures.
③Nickel-based wear-resistant alloy
The main alloy elements are chromium, molybdenum, and tungsten, and also contain small amounts of niobium, tantalum, and indium. In addition to its wear resistance, it also has good anti-oxidation, corrosion resistance and welding properties. It can be used to manufacture wear-resistant parts and can also be used as a coating material to cover the surface of other base materials through surfacing and spraying processes.
Nickel-based alloy powders include self-fluxing alloy powder and non-self-fluxing alloy powder.
Non-self-fluxing nickel-based powder refers to nickel-based alloy powder that does not contain
,
or has a lower content of
,
Alloy powder,
Alloy powder,
Alloy powder,
Alloy powder,
and
Alloy powder, -
Alloy powder , -
High wear-resistant alloy powder, -
Alloy powder, ---
Alloy powder,
Alloy powder,
Based wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant alloy powder, etc.
Adding an appropriate amount of
,
to the nickel alloy powder will form a nickel-based self-fluxing alloy powder. The so-called self-fluxing alloy powder, also known as eutectic alloy hard facing alloy, is a series of powder materials formed by adding alloy elements (mainly boron and silicon) that can form low melting point eutectics to nickel, cobalt, and iron-based alloys. Commonly used nickel-based self-fluxing alloy powders include
alloy powder, -
alloy powder,--
, ---
, high-molybdenum nickel-based self-fluxing alloy powder, High chromium-molybdenum nickel-based self-fluxing alloy powder, -
-based self-fluxing alloy powder, high-copper self-fluxing alloy powder, tungsten carbide dispersion nickel-based self-fluxing alloy powder, etc.
The role of various elements in the alloy:
The role of boron and silicon elements: significantly lower the melting point of the alloy, expand the solid-liquidus temperature zone to form a low-melting eutectic, deoxidation reduction and slagging functions on the coating The hardening and strengthening effect improves the operating process performance
The role of copper element: improves the non-oxidizing corrosion resistance
The role of chromium element: solid solution strengthening and passivation effect improves corrosion resistance and corrosion resistance Chromium with excess high-temperature oxidation performance can easily form chromium carbide and chromium boride hard phases with carbon and boron, thereby improving the alloy hardness and wear resistance
The role of molybdenum element: large atomic radius causes large changes in the crystal lattice after solid solution Distortion significantly strengthens the alloy matrix, improves the high-temperature strength and red hardness of the matrix, can cut off and reduce the network structure in the coating, and improves the ability to resist cavitation and erosion.
④Nickel-based precision alloys
Including nickel-based soft magnetic alloys, nickel-based precision resistance alloys and nickel-based electrothermal alloys, etc. The most commonly used soft magnetic alloy is Permalloy containing about
% of nickel. Its maximum magnetic permeability and initial magnetic permeability are high and its coercive force is low. It is an important iron core material in the electronics industry. The main alloying elements of nickel-based precision resistance alloy are chromium, aluminum and copper. This alloy has high resistivity, low temperature coefficient of resistivity and good corrosion resistance and is used to make resistors. Nickel-based electric heating alloy is a nickel alloy containing
% of chromium. It has good anti-oxidation and anti-corrosion properties and can be used for a long time at
~
℃.
⑤Nickel-based shape memory alloy
Nickel alloy containing
% of titanium. Its recovery temperature is
℃ and the shape memory effect is good. A small change in the proportion of nickel-titanium components can change the recovery temperature in the range of
~
°C. It is mostly used in the manufacture of self-expanding structural parts used in spacecraft, self-exciting fasteners used in the aerospace industry, and artificial heart horses used in biomedicine.
Magnetic alloys are easily magnetized under the action of an external magnetic field and the magnetic induction intensity basically disappears after the magnetic field is removed.
The hysteresis loop area is small and narrow, the coercivity is generally lower than /
The resistivity is high, the eddy current loss is small, the permeability is high, the saturation magnetic induction is high. Generally processed into plates and strips. Prepared by melting method. Mainly used as various core components in electrical appliances and telecommunications industries (such as transformer cores, relay cores, chokes, etc.). Commonly used soft magnetic alloys include low carbon electrical steel, Amco iron, silicon steel sheets, nickel-iron soft magnetic alloys, iron-cobalt soft magnetic alloys, iron-silicon soft magnetic alloys, etc.
Commonly used labels and uses
.
Iron-nickel soft magnetic alloy
Brand
Implementation standards:
Purpose:
Mostly used for weak magnetism Or small transformer working in medium magnetic field
Pulse transformer
Relay
Transformer
Magnetic amplifier
Electromagnetic clutch
Choke core and magnetic shielding.
.
Magnetic temperature compensation alloy
Brand
Implementation standards:
Purpose
Magnetic shunt compensation components in electromagnetic circuits and permanent magnet circuits.
.
Corrosion-resistant soft magnetic alloy
Brand:
Implementation standard:
Purpose
Electromagnetic devices working in oxidizing media and hydrazine-based media.
.
High saturation magnetic induction strength soft magnetic alloy
Brand:
Implementation standard:
Application
Electromagnet pole head
Telephone earphone diaphragm
Torque motor rotor.
. Motor transformers
sensors
magnetic amplifiers and other high-frequency inductive component cores.
.
Soft magnetic alloy for magnetic heads
Brand
Implementation standard:
Purpose:
Used to make magnetic head shell
Chip
Isolation piece.
WhatsApp
