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b Detailed information consultation hotline
d Which diseases can Iressa in India be used for? By disease type
Primary non-small cell lung cancer Iressa is only suitable for non-small cell lung cancer. Treatment of small cell lung cancer
The pathological classification of lung cancer is mainly divided into two major categories: small cell lung cancer and non-small cell lung cancer
Iressa is not effective for small cell lung cancer.
The incidence of small cell carcinoma (small cell undifferentiated carcinoma) is lower than that of squamous cell carcinoma, and the age of onset is younger and more common in men. It generally originates from the large bronchi and is mostly central type. Very poorly differentiated, fast growing, highly malignant, with early onset of extensive lymphatic and hematogenous metastasis. Therefore, regardless of surgical treatment, it is generally found that the five-year survival rate is about 6 months, death, and 5%. Although it is more sensitive to radiation and chemotherapy, it has the worst prognosis among all types of lung cancer.
Non-small cell lung cancer includes squamous cell carcinoma (squamous cell carcinoma) adenocarcinoma (including alveolar carcinoma) and large cell carcinoma mixed lung cancer. Can be treated with Iressa.
Squamous cell carcinoma (squamous cell carcinoma) is the most common among lung cancers, accounting for about % of patients. More men than women are over 10 years old. Experts believe it is related to long-term heavy smoking. Most of them originate from the larger bronchial squamous epithelium near the hilus and are mostly central type. Although the degree of differentiation of squamous cell carcinoma varies, among common types of lung cancer, this type grows slower and has a longer course. It usually metastasizes more locally via lymphatic vessels first, and distant metastases through the bloodstream occur later. It is sensitive to radiotherapy and chemotherapy, so its five-year survival rate is relatively high. The lesions are mostly in the large hilar bronchus. The lesions infiltrate and proliferate along the bronchus, which can cause the bronchial lumen to become narrowed or even blocked, resulting in obstructive pneumonia or atelectasis. On the cut surface, the cancer tissue appears as gray-white or gray-yellow granules of varying thickness. As the tumor grows and grows, its central blood supply is poor and the cells are hypoxic. About % of squamous cell carcinomas have necrosis in the center, which can form a cancerous cavity. Squamous cell carcinoma can be divided into three types: high, medium and low differentiation based on the difference in cancer tissue structure and degree of abnormality of cancer cells.
Adenocarcinoma
There are three types of adenocarcinoma: alveolar carcinoma and bronchioloalveolar cell carcinoma. It is more common in women at younger ages. Most adenocarcinomas originate from the smaller bronchial epithelium, while a few originate from the larger bronchi. About % of adenocarcinomas are peripheral type. In the early stage, there are generally no obvious clinical symptoms, and often a round or round-like lobulated mass is found during chest line examination. Generally, the growth rate is slow, but hematogenous metastasis often occurs early and lymphatic metastasis occurs later. The lesions are mostly located around the lungs and are often accompanied by localized or diffuse scarring. The visceral pleura has depressions and shrinkage, which can sometimes invade the parietal pleura and cause cancerous infiltration and adhesion. In highly differentiated tumors, the tumor can be large and appear gray-white carbon foam on the cut surface. There is very little clear boundary between the lesion and its surroundings. Cancer cells are arranged into glands and glandular cavities are often formed. It can be divided into ductal adenocarcinoma. In the cancer tissue, the duct-like structure is dominant. The cancer cells of adenocarcinoma mainly protrude into the gland cavity in the shape of [banned word]. Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma is a type of adenocarcinoma that originates from the bronchiolar mucosa or alveolar epithelium, so it is also called alveolar cell carcinoma. The incidence rate is low and it is more common in women and is often located around the lung field. Generally, cancer cells with higher degree of differentiation and slower growth grow along the bronchioles, alveolar ducts and alveolar walls without invading the alveolar intervals. However, it can invade the pleura or spread to other lung lobes through the bronchus. Lymphatic and hematogenous metastases occur later. Linear morphology can be divided into two types: nodular type and diffuse type. The former can be single or multiple nodules and the latter is similar to bronchopneumonia. Under the microscope, the cells appear to be tall columnar or cuboidal, with lightly stained pulp containing mucus and nuclei mostly located at the base of the cells. Solid cancers with mucin formation are poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma cancer cells with large volumes, abundant cytoplasm, abundant nuclei, large nucleosomes, and obvious cancer tissue that does not form a glandular cavity-like [prohibited word] shape and other typical adenocarcinoma structures.
Large cell carcinoma
The clinical incidence is low. It originates from the large bronchi of the lungs and is usually a large peripheral mass. It is often accompanied by mediastinal lymphatic metastasis. It is generally more common in men than in women. Large cell carcinoma is highly malignant and poorly differentiated, and is prone to brain metastasis and has poor therapeutic effect and poor prognosis. At present, the clinical treatment of lung large cell carcinoma is mainly based on comprehensive treatment. Simple surgery or radiotherapy and chemotherapy are ineffective. A comprehensive treatment plan combining traditional Chinese and Western medicine can achieve satisfactory treatment results.
Adenosquamous carcinoma
Clinically rare, it is a mixed type of lung cancer composed of squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Its general shape is non-specific.
Solid tumors in the second neck (such as nasopharyngeal cancer, esophageal cancer, etc.)
Do not consider using Indian Iressa (gefitinib tablets) in the early stage. Only patients with advanced tumors can undergo conventional treatments such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. After failure or because the patient is too weak to be treated with conventional means and has lung metastasis and pulmonary symptoms, esophageal cancer with obstructive symptoms that cannot be treated with conventional treatment or that is ineffective after conventional treatment can be tried for a month to determine whether the treatment is effective. Some patients have benefited from clinical use, but the benefit time will not last too long.
.Whether Iressa can be used as the first-choice treatment in Europe for the first-line treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer diagnosed with epidermal growth factor receptor (R) gene mutations
In the European Union
Gefitinib (Iressa), an oral small molecule epidermal factor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, was approved in Europe for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (R) gene mutations, including those after diagnosis. First-line treatment.
In Europe, there are more than 10,000 new cases of advanced lung cancer every year. About % to % of non-Asian lung cancer cases have epidermal factor receptor gene mutations. Studies have shown that gefitinib has outstanding efficacy in patients with such tumors. Targeted therapy must find a suitable target to be effective. The incidence of epidermal factor receptor gene mutations in non-small cell lung cancer in Europe and Asia is % to % and % to %, respectively. Clinical trial results indicate that these types of tumors have a significant impact on GNF. Patients who are highly sensitive to tinib do not need to choose chemotherapy first, and the drug can be used as maintenance treatment after other treatments, thereby greatly improving the cure rate and progression-free survival time.
In Europe, the following conditions must be met to be treated with Iressa without first choosing chemotherapy ① diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer ② with epidermal growth factor receptor (R) gene mutation.
.Whether Iressa can be used as the first choice in mainland China for the second-line or third-line treatment of locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer that has failed chemotherapy
In mainland China, it can be used to treat patients who have previously received chemotherapy Treatment (mainly platinum and docetaxel treatment) of locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer. That is, second-line or third-line treatment for non-small cell lung cancer.
The successful launch of gefitinib in Europe will meet the personalized treatment needs of more patients, which means that patients with epidermal factor receptor gene mutations will have a first-line treatment that is better than chemotherapy for the first time. Let gefitinib provide better treatment options for more patients in the Chinese market. It is believed that China's National Medical Products Administration will approve Iressa as a first-line treatment for patients with non-small cell lung cancer with epidermal growth factor receptor (R) gene mutations in the near future.