What are the treatments for late-stage breast cancer?

Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in women. Many breast cancer patients have no obvious symptoms in the early stages of the disease, which results in the disease being discovered in the middle stages, missing the best time for treatment. So what are the treatments for late-stage breast cancer? Choosing the right treatment can prolong life. Let’s compare the various treatments for late-stage breast cancer:
In the late-stage of breast cancer, most of the cancer cells in late-stage breast cancer have spread. metastasis and cannot be surgically removed. At present, clinical treatment of advanced breast cancer mostly advocates the use of comprehensive therapy that combines traditional Chinese and Western medicine to give full play to their unique therapeutic advantages. The treatment of advanced breast cancer mainly relies on drugs to stabilize the condition. Radiotherapy, chemotherapy and traditional Chinese medicine can achieve significant results. effect, thereby effectively prolonging the survival time of patients.
. Chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer:
Chemotherapy for breast cancer mostly uses combination chemotherapy. Among various chemotherapy drugs, Xeloda (capecitabine tablets), Furui (letrozole tablets), Sole (exemestane tablets), Herceptin (trastuzumab for injection), tamoxifen (tamoxifen citrate tablets), etc. are the most widely used and relatively effective drugs for the treatment of advanced breast cancer. It has the dual effects of chemotherapy drugs and radiosensitizers, but can easily cause nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity.
.Radiotherapy for late-stage breast cancer:
Radiotherapy is the main component of the treatment of breast cancer and one of the local treatment methods. Compared with surgical treatment, it is less limited by factors such as anatomy and the patient's constitution. However, the effect of radiotherapy is limited. Influence of the biological effects of irradiation. It is difficult to achieve the purpose of "complete killing" of tumors with currently used radiotherapy facilities. The effect is inferior to that of surgery. Therefore, most scholars currently do not advocate simple radiotherapy for curable breast cancer. Radiotherapy is mostly used for comprehensive treatment. Treatment includes adjuvant treatment before or after radical surgery. Palliative treatment for advanced breast cancer. In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of comprehensive treatments based on local excision for earlier breast cancer. The efficacy is not significantly different from that of radical surgery. Radiotherapy plays a role in reducing the scope of surgery. It plays an important role. However, the side effects of breast cancer radiotherapy are also very obvious, such as nausea, vomiting, limb weakness and other side effects.
.Radiation therapy for recurrence and metastasis
Postoperative recurrence of breast cancer is a bad sign, but it is not hopeless. Appropriate local treatment can improve the quality of life and extend the survival period. In terms of radiation, large-field irradiation is more effective than small-field irradiation. Well, field irradiation should be used as much as possible. Comprehensive treatment with radiotherapy and chemotherapy should be used for recurrent cases. Especially for rapidly developing recurrence cases when breast cancer has distant metastasis, first consider chemotherapy appropriately combined with radiation to relieve symptoms and reduce the patient's pain. For example, the pain of patients with bone metastasis can be relieved after radiotherapy. Or disappear. For patients with thoracolumbar metastasis, radiation can prevent or delay the occurrence of paraplegia. In addition to the above treatments, various treatments for late-stage breast cancer can also use conservative traditional Chinese medicine.
. Traditional Chinese medicine treatment of advanced breast cancer:
Traditional Chinese medicine treatment has been widely integrated into the treatment process of breast cancer, especially for advanced breast cancer patients who are old and frail and are not suitable for surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The application of traditional Chinese medicine for overall treatment can not only effectively suppress tumors, but also quickly improve the patient's immune function, prevent the recurrence, spread and metastasis of breast cancer, and promote the smooth progress of treatment. TCM treatment of advanced breast cancer often considers the patient's systemic characteristics, not just the cancer focus itself. Combining various Western medicine treatment methods can significantly reduce the toxic and side effects of Western medicine treatment, and achieve a therapeutic effect of increasing efficiency and reducing toxicity. Among the commonly used drugs for the treatment of late-stage breast cancer, ginsenosides (Jinxing Capsules) have achieved satisfactory results and are playing an increasingly important therapeutic role in the treatment of late-stage breast cancer.
Anti-tumor effects of ginsenosides:
1. Inhibit tumor cell growth
Regulate tumor cell signaling pathway system. The cell signaling pathway system refers to cells receiving external signals and transducing extracellular signals into intracellular signals through a set of specific mechanisms, ultimately regulating the expression of specific genes and causing cellular responses.
2. Inducing tumor cell apoptosis
Apoptosis is an active physiological process like the blooming and falling of flowers. Under normal circumstances, cell proliferation and cell apoptosis always maintain a dynamic balance of increase and decrease. This dynamic balance can maintain normal and stable cell proliferation. When certain factors cause uncontrolled cell proliferation and blocked cell apoptosis, it can lead to abnormal cell proliferation and cancer. Research has found that cancer can be treated by accelerating the apoptosis of cancer cells through certain drugs or artificial means. Experiments have confirmed that it can induce apoptosis of various cancer cells such as brain glioma and liver cancer through different pathways, restore normal cell proliferation, and effectively treat cancer.
3. Reverse the abnormal differentiation of tumor cells
In cell morphology, the degree of cell differentiation is used to determine the malignancy of cancer and to select clinical treatment options. It is generally believed that cells with a high degree of differentiation are associated with a low degree of malignancy; cells with a low degree of differentiation are associated with a high degree of malignancy. The most obvious characteristic of cancer cells is that the cells are blocked in the differentiation process and cannot differentiate into normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells also have high proliferation ability. This is the main reason why cancer patients' conditions deteriorate rapidly once they are diagnosed. With the understanding of the pathological phenomenon of cancer cells, clinical measures are adopted to convert cancer cells into normal cells to treat cancer. This method is called cancer cell reversal or differentiation effect.
4. Reversal of tumor drug resistance
In the process of treating tumors, it is found that the failure of clinical chemotherapy is often related to the resistance of tumor cells to chemotherapy drugs. Ginsenosides can be used as tumor resistance reversal agents to improve the anti-tumor activity of chemotherapy drugs. According to experimental results, for example, ginsenosides can promote the reversal of drug resistance in leukemia-resistant cell lines in vitro, thus improving the cytotoxic effects of daunorubicin and vinblastine. It can sensitize a variety of breast cancer cells that are resistant to paclitaxel. Ginsenosides have strong anti-tumor activity and can be used to treat cancers that are resistant to a variety of anti-tumor drugs.
5. Achieve anti-tumor purposes by improving immunity
Immune function is your own natural defense As a barrier to disease, if the immune function is imbalanced, the immune surveillance function will lose its function and mutated cells cannot be cleared, which is also one of the causes of tumors. Ginsenosides can regulate and enhance the body's immune function through various ways, and have a protective effect on the immune system. Ginsenosides can significantly increase the activity, improve the phagocytic function of macrophages and the killing activity of cells, thereby exerting anti-tumor effects. The protective effect on the immune system is a major advantage over other anti-tumor drugs. As an immunomodulatory factor, ginsenosides can also promote the synthesis of albumin and globulin, and improve the functions of cells and macrophages, thereby inhibiting the proliferation of tumor cells. It can also inhibit chromosomal mutations of normal lymphocytes and stabilize the immune system. achieve anti-tumor effects.
6. Anti-tumor metastasis
7. Combined with chemotherapy drugs to increase efficiency and reduce toxicity
In the process of treating tumors, it is found that the failure of clinical chemotherapy is often related to the resistance of tumor cells to chemotherapy drugs. related. Ginsenosides can be used as tumor resistance reversal agents to improve the anti-tumor activity of chemotherapy drugs. It is difficult for general chemotherapy drugs to enter cancer cells. There is a glycoprotein in cancer cells that can expel chemotherapy drugs, causing cancer cells to have poor tolerance to chemotherapy drugs. It has hydrophilic and lipophilic properties and can easily enter the cell nucleus and kill them. Dead cancer cells.
The outcome of late-stage breast cancer treatment affects the patient’s survival period to a certain extent. Therefore, once symptoms of late-stage breast cancer are discovered, timely and effective treatment should be given to avoid rapid deterioration of the condition, increasing the difficulty of treatment, and accelerating the death of the patient. process. In addition, during the treatment of late-stage breast cancer, in addition to choosing symptomatic and effective treatment methods, we should also pay attention to diet and nutrition, encourage patients to maintain a good mental and psychological state, and promote recovery.
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