Guangdong pulse temperature blood pressure multi-parameter monitor

Phone cell phone
Kono monitor
Model
Type multi-parameter bedside monitor
Product appearance and performance characteristics
﹙﹚Wide-screen true color LCD high-definition display, Small size and light weight
Real-time display of three waveforms: ECG, blood oxygen saturation, and respiration, and displaying heart rate/pulse, body temperature, respiration, blood oxygen saturation, non-invasive blood pressure and other values on the same screen. Respiration is optional. End monitoring function
Has three monitoring modes: monitoring, surgery and diagnosis
Blood pressure measurement is divided into manual, periodic and rapid measurement
Has two display modes: standard interface and large character interface
Graphics The interface color can be set according to the user's needs
It has the function of screen freezing and setting storage
It can store ECG waveforms and all trend data for more than one minute of playback
It can store blood pressure and heart rate during group pressure measurement. , body temperature, blood oxygen saturation, respiration and other trend data
Can store hourly data trends to facilitate doctor diagnosis
Optional built-in recorder to record a variety of waveforms and events
Has three-level alarms Free adjustment function for setting and alarm upper and lower limits
Resistant to defibrillation and high-frequency electrosurgical operation, can be used with a pacemaker at the same time
On-board power supply system, AC and DC, optional lithium battery, Hours of working hours
LAN interface, can be connected to the central monitoring system at any time
Multiple fixing methods with bottom bracket, back bracket, and hanging handle
Measurement methods and measurement principles for monitoring physiological parameters
〠Electrocardiogram part
Electrocardiogram, also called electrocardiogram
Electrocardiogram is a curve of cardiac potential changes recorded from the body surface. It reflects the biological processes in the generation, conduction and recovery of cardiac excitement. potential changes.
The picture below is a typical ECG waveform. Each complete ECG waveform consists of wave, wave, wave, wave, wave, wave.
The horizontal axis on the recording paper represents time, and each represents (the standard paper feed speed is / hour) and the vertical axis represents the amplitude of the waveform, and each
represents the standard sensitivity is / hour). Each waveform has its fixed amplitude and time interval. In clinical diagnosis, you can determine whether you are sick or not by reading the electrocardiogram

For example, the amplitude of a normal wave should be at the height of the first waveform on the printing paper, which should not exceed two divisions. Various cardiac diseases of the heart can be discovered through the analysis of the ECG waveform.
, lead. In clinical practice, in order to unify and facilitate the comparison of the obtained ECG waveforms, there are strict uniform regulations on the electrode positions of the electrocardiograph and the connection methods of the leads and amplifiers. People connect this electrode group and its connection to the amplifier. The method is called the lead or lead of the electrocardiogram
Nowadays, the standard twelve leads are widely used, namely I, II, III,,,,~.
In general, there is no essential difference between the various leads, they just reflect the potential changes of the heart from different angles.
, Heart rate
Heart rate refers to the number of pulses of the heart per minute. The resting heart rate of normal adults has significant individual differences, with an average of around beats/minute (between beats/minute).
Heart rate can vary depending on age, gender and other physiological conditions. The heart rate of newborns is very fast, which can reach more than 1 beat/minute. Among adults, women generally have a slightly faster heart rate than
men. The same person's heart rate slows down when he is quiet or sleeping, and accelerates during exercise or emotional excitement. Under the influence of certain drugs or neurohumoral factors
, the heart rate will accelerate or slow down. People who regularly engage in physical labor and physical exercise usually have a slower heart rate.
Clinical application |
It can display cardiac electrophysiology, anatomy, metabolism and hemodynamic changes, and provide basic information for the diagnosis and treatment of various heart diseases.
, determine the type of arrhythmia.
The preferred examination for patients with possible precursor symptoms of myocardial infarction, such as chest pain, dizziness, or fainting.
, Diagnosis of angina pectoris. When an angina attack occurs due to insufficient blood supply to the coronary arteries, changes occur in the electrocardiogram.
In some patients, atrial and ventricular hypertrophy can be shown on the electrocardiogram.
It is helpful to the diagnosis of myocardial disease pericarditis.
Help understand the impact of certain drugs, electrolyte disorders and acid-base imbalance on the myocardium.
, ECG monitoring of critically ill patients.
(ii) Respiration part
Respiration refers to the patient’s breathing frequency, that is, the respiratory rate. Respiratory rate is the number of breaths a patient takes per unit time. During calm breathing, newborns ~ times/min, adults ~ times/min. In a quiet state, ~ times/min,
The respiratory movement is even, and the ratio to the pulse rate is. Men and children mainly breathe abdominally, while women breathe mainly chest.
The measurement method of respiratory rate in monitoring is impedance type.
When the human body breathes, the chest wall muscles alternately relax, the thorax also deforms alternately, and the impedance of the body tissue also changes alternately. There is a certain relationship between respiratory impedance (pulmonary impedance) and lung volume. Lung impedance increases with the increase of lung volume. Impedance respiration measurement is designed based on changes in lung impedance.
In monitoring measurements, respiratory impedance electrodes and ECG clicks are used together, that is, ECG electrodes are used to simultaneously detect ECG signals and respiratory impedance.
Clinical Significance of Respiration
Tachypnea. A respiratory rate exceeding times/time is classified as tachypnea. It can be seen in fever, pain, anemia, hyperthyroidism, heart failure, etc. Generally, the body temperature rises by ℃ and the breathing rate increases by about times/minute.
Bradypnea is a respiratory rate lower than breath/minute. Shallow and slow breathing is seen in overdose of anesthetics or sedatives and increased intracranial pressure.
(3) Blood pressure part
The generation of human blood pressure
The blood vessels and heart of the human body form the blood circulation system of the human body. For blood to circulate in the human body, there must be a pressure difference. If there is a pressure difference, There must be a power device
This power device is the heart. The heart ejects blood out of the heart through contraction and flows through the arteries to the body. The blood returns to the heart through veins while the heart relaxes.
This cycle goes on and on, and the work doesn’t stop. True blood pressure is a fluctuating process, with arterial pressure being higher and fluctuating more, and venous pressure being lower and fluctuating less.
What we usually call blood pressure refers to arterial pressure.
Blood pressure can be divided into non-invasive blood pressure and invasive blood pressure.
Non-invasive blood pressure
Non-invasive blood pressure measurement is an indirect method of measuring human blood pressure, which can be divided into Korotkoff sound method measurement and shock wave method measurement
Artificial Korotkoff sound method
Korotkoff sound method The earliest method used is to inflate the cuff and squeeze the blood vessels to completely block the blood flow. At this time, there is no pulsating sound in the blood vessels with a stethoscope, and then slowly deflate the cuff until you hear the pulse sound. At this time, it is considered to be high pressure.
That is systolic blood pressure. Continue to deflate through the stethoscope and you will hear a strong pulse sound, which gradually becomes lighter, until you hear a very smooth and normal pulse sound. At this time, the blood vessel is considered to be completely unsqueezed, that is, it is regarded as low pressure, that is, diastolic pressure. Koch used cuff pressure and listening to pulse sounds to measure blood pressure. He solved the non-invasive pressure measurement method and made a great contribution to human medicine. Until now, many doctors still use this method to measure blood pressure. In order to commemorate Koch, people said This method is the Korotkoff sound method.
The advantage of the Korotkoff sound method is that it is simple to measure, but it also has the disadvantage that different people may obtain different results, sometimes with large differences. The main reason is that doctors need to constantly observe the changes in the mercury manometer when listening to music. Due to different reactions of people, there is a certain gap when reading the blood pressure value.
Different people have different hearing and discernment abilities, and their recognition of characteristic sounds (i.e., time) is different.
The speed of deflation has a direct impact on the reading. The international standard deflation speed is ~ per second. However, some doctors tend to deflate quickly, which affects the accuracy of measurement.
Since there is no intuitive comparison method for listening to pulse sounds, there are many aspects related to subjective factors. And it is related to the doctor's proficiency and technology.
Generally speaking, when measuring blood pressure manually, different doctors have different measurement results for the same person being measured at different times. Usually considered a normal difference within ~.
Vibration wave method
The vibration wave method is a relatively advanced electronic measurement method developed in the 1990s. Its principle is as follows: first, tie the cuff to the arm, and automatically inflate the cuff until it reaches a certain pressure ( Generally ~ ) starts to deflate. When the air pressure reaches a certain level
, blood flow can pass through the blood vessels and there will be a certain oscillation wave. The oscillation wave propagates through the trachea to the pressure sensor in the machine. The pressure sensing can be real-time The pressure and fluctuations within the measured cuff are detected. Gradually deflate and the oscillation wave becomes larger and larger.
As the contact between the cuff and the arm becomes looser after deflating again, the pressure and fluctuations detected by the pressure sensor become smaller and smaller. as the picture shows. We choose the moment of maximum fluctuation as the reference point. Based on this point, we look forward to find the peak fluctuation point. This point is the high pressure (that is, systolic pressure) and look backward to find the peak fluctuation point. This point corresponds to The pressure is low pressure (i.e. diastolic pressure) and the pressure corresponding to the point with the highest fluctuation is the average pressure. It is worth mentioning that
is a constant. It is not the same for each manufacturer, and it must be consistent with the clinical results. As the basis, once it is determined, it becomes a constant. I will not discuss the identification and algorithm of these feature points here. There are many methods, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. Below we will only discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this measurement method. The advantage is
Compared with the Korotkoff sound method, it omits a pulse sound part, which is more economical.
It is not easily affected by the strong pulse of the person being measured because the identification of its characteristic points is related to the maximum pulse wave. A certain proportion.
The repeatability and consistency are relatively good.
The accuracy is relatively high. Because the parameter setting is derived from clinical results, it is relatively objective.
Its main The disadvantage is that
it is susceptible to external vibrations, such as artificial vibrating cuffs, tracheal vibrations, human body movements, etc.
Low-pressure measurement is susceptible to the influence of deflation speed and tracheal rigidity.
/>Measurement of blood pressure
First of all, we must make it clear that human blood pressure is not a relatively fixed value like weight or height, but is constantly changing. Blood pressure will increase when people are excited, nervous, or exercising. Blood pressure should be lowered after drinking, taking a bath, and smoking.
Medical experiments have proven that a normal person's blood pressure fluctuates throughout the day. The blood pressure is lowest when a person is sleeping and is the highest between 1 a.m. and 3 a.m. The range of changes in systolic blood pressure (high pressure) throughout the day is between 0 to 100 ,
The range of change in diastolic blood pressure (low pressure) is between 100 to 100 . Even at night, when people are sleeping, there are fluctuations between 100 to 100 . People say that the blood pressure measured by the doctor is . But at home, the numbers measured by the electronic sphygmomanometer are always different. In fact, the value measured by the electronic sphygmomanometer reflects the blood pressure value at the time of human measurement. As can be seen from the picture, human blood pressure is constantly changing, and it is very rare to get the same blood pressure value from two measurements. Therefore, only by measuring blood pressure at the same time and in the same posture every day can we get comparable results. specific blood pressure value.
The posture during measurement also affects the measurement results. Research results show that every time the height of the measurement position is higher than the heart, the blood pressure value will decrease by about 10%, and every time the height decreases, the blood pressure value will increase by about 1%.< br/> Applicable conditions for invasive blood pressure
Various severe shock, hypotension patients (less than)
Severe myocardial infarction and heart failure
Extracorporeal bypass open heart surgery
Hypothermia Anesthesia and controlled antihypertensive therapy Respiratory failure
Critically ill patients undergoing complex major surgeries, such as severe hypertension and heart disease patients undergoing major surgeries
Measurement method: The catheter is punctured and implanted into the blood vessel of the measured site Inside, the extracorporeal port of the catheter is directly connected to the pressure sensor, and physiological saline is injected into the catheter. Since the fluid has a pressure transmitting effect, the intravascular pressure will be directly transmitted to the external pressure sensor through the liquid in the catheter. Thus, the dynamic waveform of intravascular pressure changes can be obtained, and through specific calculation methods, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and mean blood pressure can be obtained. When performing invasive blood pressure measurements, attention should be paid to the zero calibration of the instrument at the beginning of monitoring
During the monitoring process, the pressure sensor part and the heart must be kept at the same level at all times to prevent the catheter from being clogged by blood coagulation. Flush the catheter with constant infusion of heparinized saline, which may move or dislodge due to movement. Therefore, the conduit must be firmly secured, inspected carefully, and adjusted if necessary.
To put it simply, the arterial puncture is connected to an external pressure sensor and the machine calculates and analyzes to obtain the blood pressure value. It uses fluid pressure transmission to transmit the intravascular pressure to the pressure sensor through the fluid, and obtains the dynamic waveform calculation of real-time pressure changes in the blood vessel to obtain real-time dynamic blood pressure< br/> The usual dietary treatment is as follows
The dietary treatment for patients with blood pressure is to reduce sodium and dietary fat and supplement an appropriate amount of high-quality protein. Pay attention to supplementing calcium and potassium, eat more vegetables and fruits, quit smoking and alcohol, and drink water scientifically. as a principle.
① The diet should be light and vegetarian. Vegetarian food can lower the blood pressure of patients with hypertension. Therefore, patients with hypertension should eat a light diet, high in vitamins, high in fiber, high in calcium, low in fat, and low in cholesterol. If the total fat is less than the total calories, protein will account for about the total calories. It is recommended to eat more whole grains, miscellaneous grains, fresh vegetables, fruits, soy products, lean meat, fish, chicken and other foods. It is recommended to eat vegetable oil and less lard, greasy food, white sugar, spicy, strong tea, coffee, etc.
② Reduce salt intake. Eating too much sodium salt is a causative factor of hypertension, and controlling sodium salt intake is beneficial to lowering and stabilizing blood pressure. Clinical trials have shown that reducing the daily salt intake of patients with hypertension can reduce systolic blood pressure by an average of millimeters of mercury.
③ Quit smoking and drinking. Smoking and drinking are risk factors for hypertension. Being addicted to smoking and drinking increases the possibility of hypertension complicated by heart and cerebrovascular diseases. Alcohol can also reduce the patient's responsiveness to antihypertensive drugs. Therefore, patients with hypertension are required to quit smoking and drinking, and people who have difficulty quitting alcohol should also limit their drinking.
④ Eat in moderation, eat three regular meals a day and avoid overeating or overeating. Daily recipes can be made as follows: grams of carbohydrates (equivalent to two grams of staple food) fresh vegetables, grams of fruits, grams of cooking oil, grams of milk (ml) High protein food portions (each portion refers to ~ grams of lean meat, or eggs, or Grams of tofu, or grams of chicken, duck, or grams of fish and shrimp. Among them, one egg per week is enough).
⑤ Scientific drinking water The hardness of water is closely related to the occurrence of hypertension. Studies have proven that hard water contains More calcium and magnesium ions are important regulatory substances involved in the contraction and contraction function of vascular smooth muscle cells. If they are lacking, they can easily cause blood vessels to spasm, eventually leading to an increase in blood pressure. Therefore, patients with hypertension should try their best to Drink hard water, such as spring water, deep well water, natural mineral water, etc.
Foods that are good for lowering blood pressure
(iii) Blood oxygen part
The metabolic process of the human body is a biological oxidation process, and all the components in the metabolic process The required oxygen enters the human blood through the respiratory system, combines with the hemoglobin in the red blood cells to form oxyhemoglobin, and then transports it to the tissue cells of various parts of the human body.
Blood oxygen saturation (referred to as blood oxygen) is The capacity of oxygenated hemoglobin in the blood accounts for the percentage of the total hemoglobin capacity that can be combined, that is, the concentration of blood oxygen in the blood. It is an important physiological parameter of the respiratory cycle. The functional oxygen saturation is the concentration +
The ratio of concentrations is different from the percentage of oxygenated hemoglobin. Therefore, monitoring arterial blood oxygen
saturation can estimate the oxygenation of the lungs and the oxygen-carrying capacity of hemoglobin. The blood oxygen saturation of normal human arterial blood The degree of venous blood is. Blood oxygen saturation is the percentage of the capacity of oxyhemoglobin bound to oxygen in the blood to the total capacity of hemoglobin that can be bound.
That is, the concentration of blood oxygen in the blood is a factor of respiratory circulation. Important physiological parameters Oxygen content
/Oxygen capacity. It is an important indicator that reflects the oxygen supply status of the body. It is generally believed that the normal value of blood oxygen saturation should not be lower than that. In the following, it is regarded as insufficient oxygen supply. Some scholars also regard blood oxygen saturation as insufficient. The oxygen saturation is less than the standard for hypoxemia.
The significance of monitoring blood oxygen saturation Oxygen is indispensable in life activities. The oxygen in the blood combines with reduced hemoglobin to form oxyhemoglobin. Delivered to tissues throughout the body. The traditional method of measuring blood oxygen saturation is to collect blood from the human body, and then use a blood gas analyzer to perform electrochemical analysis.
Measuring the partial pressure of oxygen and calculating the blood oxygen saturation can monitor the oxygenation function and detect hypoxemia early.
Method: Red light and infrared light of a certain wavelength are used to penetrate the tissue being measured. When the pulse wave passes through the tissue being measured, the factors affecting blood oxygen saturation are calculated by measuring the absorbance changes of the peaks and troughs of the pulse wave.
, Monitor the same part continuously for a long time.
, used with the cuff on the limb of the arterial catheter or intraluminal line in the same arm.
If carboxyhemoglobin, methemoglobin or dye diluting chemicals are present, the value will be biased.
, Strong light environment interferes with the signal
When strong light shines on the blood oxygen probe, it can cause the photoreceptor to deviate from the normal range, resulting in inaccurate measurement
, poor peripheral circulation such as Shock and low finger temperature will reduce the arterial blood flow of the measured part, making the measurement inaccurate or impossible
. Blood pressure in the ipsilateral arm or compression from lying on the same side affects microcirculation
. Nail painting Oil will affect the transmission of light, making measurement difficult
Intravenous injection of dyeing drugs
(5) Pulse rate
Pulse is the phenomenon of periodic pulsation of arteries as the heart relaxes and contracts. It includes changes in various physical quantities such as intravascular pressure, volume, displacement, and wall tension. Photoplethysmography is the most common type of monitoring measurement. The sensor consists of a light source and a photoelectric converter. It is clamped on the patient's fingertips or auricle. The light source is selected to have a certain wavelength that is selective for hemoglobin in arterial blood. It is best to use a light-emitting diode, whose spectrum is within **. This beam of light passes through the peripheral blood vessels of the human body. When the arterial congestion volume changes, the transmittance of this beam of light changes. The photoelectric converter receives the light transmitted or reflected by the tissue, and converts it into an electrical signal and sends it to the amplifier for amplification. and output, thus reflecting the volume changes in arterial vessels. Pulse is a signal that changes periodically with the beating of the heart, and the volume of arteries also changes periodically. The signal change period of the photoelectric transducer is the pulse rate.
The normal value of the rate
The normal adult in a quiet state is ~ times/minute. Generally speaking, pulse rate reflects heart rate. If the pulse rate exceeds beats/minute, it is called tachycardia. If the pulse rate is less than beats/minute, it is called bradycardia. Pulse rate slows down with age, gender, women faster than men, exercise, emotional excitement, etc.