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Cable shielding comes in two forms: non-metallic shielding and metal shielding. Which shielding form is used depends on the type of cable. For example, power cables are mainly used to shield and homogenize the electric field and carry short-circuit current, while communication cables need to shield electromagnetic fields to eliminate interference between cores and outside the cable. The shielding of power cables has both non-metallic shielding and metal shielding forms, which depend on the voltage level of the cable and the size of the short-circuit current. The metal shielding part also depends on the conductivity, thermal performance, structure and processing method of the metal material. Communication Cables are mostly metal shielded. Here is a brief introduction to the shielding structure and materials of cables.
The role of shielding is to homogenize the electric field. The relative surface of a solid conductor is relatively smooth, and the distribution of the electric field is relatively uniform. Since the stranded conductive wire core is composed of multiple single wires, the electric field distribution at each point on the surface of the wire core is uneven. The radius of the single wire is inversely proportional to the field strength on its surface, which produces a multi-wire effect. The burrs and dust produced by the conductor due to processing cause tip discharge, and conductor shielding is also required. In order to make the electric field distribution on the surface of the conductor relatively uniform, only wrapping tape shielding and extruding the shielding layer can homogenize the electric field and eliminate these effects. The electric field of the conductive core is divided into two components, perpendicular and tangential. If there is no semi-conductive layer, wrap-type insulation is prone to slip discharge. In addition, the field strength in the tangential direction reduces the withstand voltage of the insulation by ~ times, reducing the insulation strength and insulation effect. There is an electric field at the filling point of multi-core cables. Since the electrical strength of the insulating material at the filling location is low, the overall insulation level of the cable is reduced. Semiconducting materials are mainly composed of part of carbon black. In addition to being semiconductive, carbon black can also absorb gas impurities, which reduces the long-term electric field strength of the insulation on the corresponding surface, avoids dissociation on the outer surface of the cable insulation, and improves the service life of the cable. .
In order to avoid excessive concentration of the electric field, a semi-conductive layer structure is often used to change the direction of the electric field to avoid slipping discharge caused by wrapping the insulation, so that the filling of multi-core cables is in an electric field-free state. The carbon black in the semi-conductive layer can absorb gases Impurities. Shielding bubbles are not affected by electric fields. For stranded conductors, since they are made of multiple single wires glued together, the electric field intensity of the single wires protruding from the surface can be increased compared with the recessed parts. Less interference We all know that the electric field and the magnetic field are a unity that changes interactively. The changing electric field produces a changing magnetic field that affects the surrounding media, thereby causing interference to other current-carrying circuits. The effect of the electromagnetic field is the sum of the interference effects of the electric field and the magnetic field. . Electrical interference and magnetic interference caused by the imbalance between current pairs under the action of electric fields and magnetic fields. The generation of interference can be divided into inductance, capacitance and resistance, which produce corresponding inductive reactance, capacitive reactance and impedance in the loop, resulting in corresponding losses.