"Why are fire doors not fireproof" methods and improvement strategies

Fire doors refer to doors that can meet the requirements of fire resistance stability, integrity and thermal insulation within a certain period of time. They are mainly used for fire wall openings in building fire protection zones, stairwells, exits, evacuation walkways, pipe wells, etc., and are usually used for personnel It can prevent the spread of flames and the flow of combustion smoke in the event of a fire, and can also act as a seal when the positive air supply system is working. Whether the location is reasonable, the model selection is appropriate, whether the quality is qualified, and whether management is in place are directly related to the fire protection effect of fire doors. Judging from the current situation of the entire fire door industry, fire doors have not fully and completely played a fire protection role. On the day of this year, a fire broke out in the Dongdu Commercial Building in Luoyang, Henan Province, resulting in the death of many people. The failure of fireproof doors was an important reason for the heavy casualties in the fire. How can fire doors play their due role? The author has conducted in-depth research and some immature opinions are for reference only
1. Countermeasures to improve the fire performance of fire doors
1. Modify fire protection technical specifications to further standardize fire protection door applications.
Fire doors installed in closed stairwells, smoke-proof stairwells, fire elevators and front rooms and other places where people often come and go, the usual opening and closing status of the fire doors should be determined based on the functional nature of the building. For example, those used in residential buildings can be equipped with normally closed fire doors, and those used in public buildings and factories should be equipped with normally open fire doors. Specifically, it can be stipulated that normally open fire doors should be used when people pass through during normal use. Normally closed fire doors should be used if no one is passing through during the process. Only when there are people passing through in emergency situations such as fires, normally closed fire doors should be used.
Article 1 of the "Building Regulations" stipulates that normally open fire doors should be able to close themselves in the event of a fire and should have a signal feedback function. In fact, normally closed fire doors should also have the same signal feedback function as normally open fire doors, and the feedback signal of normally closed fire doors should also reflect whether the closing sequence of the double doors is normal, so that the fire control room personnel on duty can grasp it in time. Check the opening and closing status of fire doors, promptly deal with fire doors that are not closing well, and repair fire doors that cannot remain normally closed due to damaged door closers and loose hinges to ensure the fire and smoke prevention performance of normally closed fire doors.
2. Modify the industry standards for fire doors to improve product reliability.
According to the provisions of the "General Technical Conditions for Wooden Fireproof Doors" and "General Technical Conditions for Steel Fireproof Doors", the product quality of fireproof doors mainly includes appearance quality, manufacturing accuracy, assembly accuracy, overall strength, etc. Its purpose is to meet the requirements for use as a door. The functional requirements are mainly material performance and fire resistance. Its purpose is to prevent fire and smoke in the event of a fire. This is the most important significance of installing fire doors. In terms of material performance, the thermal insulation materials filled in the door leaves and door frames should meet the requirements of the non-combustibility level specified in the "Combustion Performance Classification of Building Materials". The melting point of locks, hinges, pins and other hardware should not be lower than ℃. The middle gap between the door frame and the door leaf. The sealing strip should be made of non-combustible material and the fire-resistant glass should not affect the fire-resistant performance of the fire door. The above regulations are the main general criteria for determining whether fire doors are qualified. However, judging from the current requirements of my country's fire protection design specifications, there are still the following areas for improvement in the industry standards. There are no clear performance regulations for the sequencer of double-leaf fire doors in the industry standards. It is recommended to add them to the industry standards. Specific quantitative standards such as the action mode of the sequencer's installation part, the response time, the number of effective actions, etc. make it a feasible and specific regulation.
In view of the fact that there are no specific requirements for fire door closer product quality standards and installation method firmness in the industry standards, it is recommended to add a comparison table between the door closer tension and door quality in the industry standards to standardize the door closers. Use specifications to increase the installation firmness standard of the door closer and stipulate the specific number of actions of the door closer, thereby ensuring that the fire door remains in a intact closed state for a long time. Increase the opening angle requirements of the door closer, break through the stereotypes determined by the manufacturer, and make the fire door Able to meet usage needs and market needs.
2. Current Situation of Fireproof Doors Not Fireproof
The fireproof hinges are not firmly connected to the wooden fireproof door frame, and the fireproof door cannot be closed normally after the connection is loose. At present, the connection between wooden fire-proof hinges and door frames is fixed with wood screws. The basis for fixation is the wood of the door frame. The wood used for making fire-proof doors is generally loose. Wood screws are used to connect heavy fire-proof doors to produce hinges. It's only a matter of time before things get loose.
The quality of the door closers used on normally closed fire doors cannot be guaranteed, they are not durable and are easily damaged. Most door closers are hydraulic. The door closers cannot be exceeded during the opening process of the fire door. If the door closer is exceeded, it will cause closure. The problem that the door device cannot close normally. Another problem with the hydraulic door closer used at the same time is that the fire door cannot be closed quickly by artificial force after opening. Rapid force closing will cause the hydraulic pressure of the door closer to produce a reaction force, which will cause the fire door to close quickly. The result of the simultaneous action of the artificially applied force and the two forces can only transmit the external force to the mounting screws of the door closer. The result of long-term repeated action can only be that the door closer loosens and falls off.
Set up a normally closed fire door in the front room of the smoke-proof stairwell or shared front room on the evacuation corridor. During use, it is artificially kept open and becomes a normally open fire door. Once a fire occurs, the fire door cannot be opened. Fire protection by blocking smoke.
The double-leaf fire door lacks a sequencer, and the sequence is easily confused when closing, and the fire door cannot be sealed. Although the "Building Regulations" and "High Regulations" have requirements for the installation of sequencers for double-leaf and multi-leaf fire doors, judging from the actual installation and use process of fire doors, countless fire doors across the country do not have installation sequences. It is only equipped with a door closer. From the actual use situation, if the door on the inside is pushed open when the door is opened, only the fire door on the outside will be inside and the fire door on the inside will be outside when it is closed. , the entire fire door will leave a gap, and the smoke will pass through the fire door along the gap, and the fire door will lose its fire protection function.
The materials used to make fire doors are substandard. For example, if the flame retardant treatment of wooden fire doors does not meet the requirements, the wood used is not flame retardant according to regulations, and the fireproof and heat insulation materials filled inside do not match the materials at the time of design or testing, such as using rock wool instead of aluminum silicate fiber wool or If the filling is not enough, use a shoddy steel fire door to cancel or thin the steel fire door embossed on the surface of the fire board to reduce the thickness of the insulation layer.
3. Modify the fire protection legal provisions and strengthen the supervision and management during the use of fire doors.
Fire doors are a fire-fighting product during the production and sales process, and they are a fire-fighting facility during use. In the production and sales process, the current "Fire Protection Law of the People's Republic of China" has clear regulations on its supervision and management. However, there are obvious flaws in the use process and it is necessary to make improvements
Punishing illegal behaviors during use is too slow and is not conducive to the timely elimination of hidden dangers. As a common fire-proof partition, fire doors are widely used in public places of high-rise buildings. Damage caused by improper maintenance and improper use often occurs. Especially in today's society, with the large number of high-rise residences, the number of fire doors has exploded. With the increase, the problems of fire doors have also shown an explosive growth. If you look for any high-rise building in normal use, you will find that the fire doors have normally closed and normally open hinges, loose door closers, damage and no sealing. etc. The existence of this problem has seriously affected the evacuation and fire prevention zoning, and seriously threatened the fire safety of the building. If it is handled in accordance with the current fire protection laws, from the inspection and issuance of a correction notice within a time limit to the re-inspection, a law enforcement The process generally takes days. Using such a long enforcement time to solve one problem among numerous hidden dangers obviously lags behind the requirements and is not conducive to eliminating hidden dangers. It is recommended that when amending the first paragraph of Article 43 of the Fire Protection Law, the precondition for ordering corrections within a time limit should be removed and the penalty procedures should be directly carried out. In particular, the penalties for relevant responsible persons should be increased and the effective performance of their duties should be supervised.
The penalties for illegal activities during use are too light and do not have the minimum binding force. During use, fire doors, as a type of fire protection facility, should be inspected and maintained regularly by government agencies, organizations, enterprises and institutions to ensure that they are in good condition and effective in accordance with the provisions of Article 14, Paragraph 1, Item 5 of the Fire Protection Law. When a unit violates these regulations, it can only be ordered to make corrections within a time limit in accordance with Article 43, Paragraph 1, of the Fire Protection Law. If it fails to make corrections within the time limit, its direct supervisor and other responsible personnel will be given administrative sanctions or a warning in accordance with the law. Such a legal clause has only symbolic meaning in the actual implementation process. No unit takes it seriously. The public security and fire protection agencies as law enforcement agencies cannot implement it in the actual law enforcement supervision process. For a fire door or a door closer or a hinge , to specifically issue a notice of ordering correction within a time limit, and then conduct a re-examination. If the re-examination fails, they will be dealt with according to law. As a result, they can only be given administrative sanctions or warnings in accordance with the law, but the person being punished does not take the punishment seriously at all. , it has nothing to do with it, it not only wastes the working time of the fire supervisor, but cannot solve the problem, and also seriously affects the dignity that the "Fire Protection Law" should have as a law. It is recommended to amend this clause to punish agencies, groups and enterprises that cannot effectively perform fire protection responsibilities. Public institutions and relevant responsible persons shall be given more appropriate penalties to promote their effective performance of statutory duties and enhance their awareness of the main responsibility for fire protection work.
4. Improve the manufacturing process and installation methods of fire doors to improve product quality.
When choosing fire-proof hinges, you should choose detachable hinges, so that when installing the fire-proof door, you can fix them firmly separately and then directly insert the door leaf into the door frame.
When fixing the hinge door closer, the current method of fixing with wood screws should be changed. Holes for fixing the hinge should be reserved on the door frame and door leaf, and then matched with relevant screws and nuts, so that when it comes to the installation site, it can Carry out standardized operations according to the reserved holes, and the screws and nuts on the door leaf should preferably be equipped with corresponding heat-insulating decorations.
If it is determined to use double-leaf and multi-leaf fire doors, a signal feedback line should be reserved during the construction process. The installation unit of the fire door should contact the construction unit of the building fire protection project as early as possible to reserve lines and control modules. , to facilitate the installation and debugging of fire doors.
If you have any questions about fire doors, we will try our best to answer them for you. For more details, please visit the official website of Shenzhen Tongxiao Industrial Co., Ltd. or consult the relevant staff