GGG60 ductile iron round bar, GGG60 high wear-resistant ductile iron

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齐全

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GGG60

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Iron-carbon alloys with carbon content above. Industrial cast iron generally has a carbon content of ~. Carbon mostly exists in the form of graphite in cast iron, and sometimes in the form of cementite. In addition to carbon, cast iron also contains silicon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur and other elements. Alloy cast iron also contains elements such as nickel, chromium, molybdenum, aluminum, copper, boron and vanadium. Carbon silicon is the main element affecting the microstructure and properties of cast iron.
Cast iron can be divided into
① Gray cast iron. The carbon content is relatively high - carbon mainly exists in the form of flake graphite, and the fracture surface is gray, referred to as gray iron. The melting point is low, the shrinkage is small when solidified at ℃, the compressive strength and hardness are close to carbon steel, and the shock absorption is good. Used to manufacture machine tool beds, cylinder boxes and other structural parts.
②White cast iron. The carbon silicon content is low, the carbon mainly exists in the form of cementite, and the fracture surface is silvery white. It shrinks greatly during solidification and is prone to shrinkage cracks. It has high hardness and brittleness and cannot withstand impact loads. It is mostly used as a blank for malleable iron and to make wear-resistant parts.
③ Malleable cast iron. It is obtained after annealing treatment of white cast iron. The graphite is distributed in a floc-like form, referred to as tough iron. Its structural properties are uniform, wear-resistant, and has good plasticity and toughness. Used to manufacture parts with complex shapes that can withstand strong dynamic loads.
④ Ductile iron. Gray cast iron is obtained after spheroidizing the molten iron. The precipitated graphite is in the shape of spheroids, which is referred to as ductile iron. It has higher strength, better toughness and plasticity than ordinary gray cast iron. Used to manufacture internal combustion engine auto parts and agricultural machinery.
⑤Vermicular graphite cast iron. Gray cast iron is obtained after vermiformation treatment of molten iron, and the precipitated graphite is in the shape of worms. The mechanical properties are similar to ductile iron, and the casting performance is between gray cast iron and ductile iron. Parts used in manufacturing automobiles.
⑥Alloy cast iron. Ordinary cast iron is obtained by adding appropriate amounts of alloying elements such as silicon, manganese, phosphorus, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, copper, aluminum, boron, vanadium, tin, etc. Alloying elements change the matrix structure of cast iron, giving it corresponding properties such as heat resistance, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, low temperature resistance or non-magnetic properties. Used to manufacture parts for mining chemical machinery and instruments.
Classification of cast iron
Classification method Classification name description
Fracture color classification
Gray cast iron Most or all of the carbon in this type of cast iron is in the form of free state flake graphite. The fracture surface is dark gray, has certain mechanical properties and good cutting performance, and is widely used in industry
White cast iron White cast iron is an iron-carbon alloy with no or almost no graphite in the structure. The fracture surface is white and bright, hard and brittle, and cannot be processed. It is rarely used directly in industry to make mechanical parts. Because of its high surface hardness and wear resistance, it is also called chilled cast iron or chilled cast iron
Tackled cast iron Tackled cast iron is a kind of cast iron between white cast iron and gray cast iron. It is gray and white pitted, has poor performance and is rarely used
Chemical composition
Ordinary cast iron refers to cast iron that does not contain any alloying elements, such as gray cast iron, malleable cast iron, ductile iron, etc.
Alloy Cast iron is a high-grade cast iron prepared by adding some alloying elements to ordinary cast iron to improve certain special properties. Such as various corrosion-resistant, heat-resistant and wear-resistant cast irons with special properties
Production methods and structural properties
Ordinary gray cast iron, see gray cast iron
Breeding cast iron This is based on gray cast iron, using modified treatment Made of, also known as metamorphic cast iron. Its strength, plasticity and toughness are much better than ordinary gray cast iron, and its structure is also more uniform. Mainly used to manufacture large castings that require high mechanical properties and large changes in cross-sectional dimensions
Malleable cast iron Malleable cast iron is made of white cast iron with a certain composition and graphitized annealing. It has higher toughness than gray cast iron and is Called ductile cast iron. It cannot be forged and is often used to make castings that can withstand impact loads
Ductile iron is referred to as ductile iron. It is obtained by adding a certain amount of nodularizing agent and inking agent to the molten iron before casting to promote the crystallization of spheroidal graphite. Compared with steel, except for its slightly lower plastic toughness, its other properties are similar. It is an excellent material that has the advantages of both steel and cast iron. It is widely used in mechanical engineering
Special performance cast iron This is a kind of cast iron with certain characteristics Cast iron, according to different uses, can be divided into wear-resistant cast iron, heat-resistant cast iron, corrosion-resistant cast iron, etc. Most of them belong to alloy cast iron and are widely used in machinery manufacturing
Cast iron heat treatment process
Stress relief annealing Due to the uneven wall thickness of the casting, effective stress and structural stress will be generated during the heating, cooling and phase transformation processes. . In addition, large parts are prone to residual stress after machining, and all these internal stresses must be eliminated. The usual heating temperature for stress relief annealing is ~℃ and the holding time is ~, and then furnace-cooled gray iron or air-cooled ductile iron. Using this process can eliminate the internal stress of the casting, but the cast iron structure will not change. If the temperature exceeds ℃ or the holding time is too long, it will cause graphitization and reduce the strength and hardness of the casting.
High-temperature graphitization annealing to remove cast iron white spots
When castings are cooled, white spots often occur on the surface layer and thin sections. The white structure is hard and brittle and has poor processing performance and is easy to peel off. Therefore, annealing or normalizing methods must be used to eliminate the white structure. The annealing process is to heat to ℃ and keep warm, then cool the furnace to ℃ and then leave the furnace for air cooling. During the high-temperature insulation period, free cementite and eutectic cementite decompose into graphite and graphite. During the subsequent cooling process, secondary cementite and eutectoid cementite also decompose, and the graphitization process occurs. Due to the decomposition of cementite, the hardness decreases, thereby improving the machinability.
Normalizing Iron
The purpose of normalizing ductile iron is to obtain the pearlite matrix structure, refine the grains, and uniform the structure to improve the mechanical properties of the casting. Sometimes normalizing is also a structural preparation for surface quenching of ductile iron. Normalizing is divided into high-temperature normalizing and low-temperature normalizing. The high-temperature normalizing temperature generally does not exceed ~℃, and the low-temperature normalizing temperature is generally heated to the refractory temperature range ~℃. After normalizing, four people are generally required to handle it to eliminate the internal stress generated during normalizing.
Quenching and tempering of iron
In order to improve the mechanical properties of ductile iron, castings are generally heated to above ~°C, which represents the final temperature formed during heating, and then quenched in oil to obtain a martensitic structure. In order to appropriately reduce the residual stress after quenching, tempering should generally be performed after quenching. The low-temperature tempering structure is tempered martensite plus residual bainite plus spherical graphite. This structure has good wear resistance and is used for parts requiring high wear resistance and high strength. The medium temperature tempering temperature is ℃. The structure after tempering is tempered troostite plus spherical graphite. It is suitable for thick parts that require good wear resistance, certain stability and elasticity. Most of the relevant talents of Boyang Company are concentrated in the Steel Talent Network. The high temperature tempering temperature is ℃. The structure after tempering is tempered Soxhlet plus spherical graphite, which has a good combination of toughness and strength. The structure after tempering is tempered Soxhlet plus spherical graphite, which has a combination of toughness and strength. Good comprehensive performance, so it is widely used in production.
Multi-temperature quenching of iron
After isothermal quenching, ductile iron can obtain high strength and at the same time have good plasticity and toughness. The main consideration in selecting the heating temperature for multi-temperature quenching is to ensure that all the original structures are not left behind, and at the same time to avoid grain growth. The heating temperature is generally above ~°C, and the isothermal treatment temperature is ~°C to ensure that a lower bainite structure with comprehensive mechanical properties is obtained. After isothermal quenching of rare earth magnesium aluminum ductile iron~,~,~. However, it should be noted that a tempering process is added after isothermal quenching.
Surface quenching
In order to improve the surface hardness, wear resistance and fatigue strength of some castings, surface quenching can be used. Both gray cast iron and ductile iron castings can be surface quenched. Generally, high and medium frequency induction heating surface quenching and electrical contact surface quenching are used. [Sales hotline Fang Yan][][]
Learn heat treatment
For castings that require surface wear resistance or oxidation and corrosion resistance, chemical heat treatment processes similar to steel can be used, such as gas soft chlorination and chlorination. Treatments such as boronizing and sulfurizing.
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