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r, >Nylon was developed by
United States: r, >outstanding scientists
Carothers: r, >(C) and a scientific research team under his leadership. It is the first product in the world. The first
polyamide fiber: r, >commonly known as nylon, English name (abbreviation),
density: r, >./c, is
molecule: r, >contains repeats on the main chain Thermoplastic
resin with amide group [C]: r, >general name, including
aliphatic: r,>, aliphatic aromatic and aromatic. Among them, there are many aliphatic varieties, large output and wide application. Their naming is determined by the specific number of carbon atoms: r, > of the synthetic monomers. It was invented by the famous American chemist Carothers and his scientific research team.
<:rr, , Nylon is a term for polyamide fiber (nylon), which can be made into long fiber or short fiber.
<:rr, , Nylon is the trade name of polyamide fiber, also known as nylon (
). English name (abbreviation), its basic composition is aliphatic polyamide connected by amide bonds [C].
<:rr, , , Molecular structure
<:rr, , Commonly used nylon fibers can be divided into two categories.
<:rr, , One type is polyhexamethylene adipate obtained by the condensation of diamine and diacid. The chemical structural formula of its long-chain molecule is:
<:rr, , [( C)C(C)C]
<:rr, , the relative molecular weight of this type of nylon is generally. Depending on the number of carbon atoms of the diamine and dibasic acid used, different nylon products can be obtained, and It is distinguished by the number added after the nylon, where the first number is the number of carbon atoms of the diamine, and the latter number is the number of carbon atoms of the dibasic acid. For example, nylon, indicating that it is produced by the polycondensation of hexamethylenediamine and adipic acid, indicates that it is produced by the polycondensation of hexamethylenediamine and sebacic acid.
<:rr, , The other type is obtained by the condensation polymerization or ring-opening polymerization of caprolactam. The chemical structural formula of its long-chain molecule is:
<:rr, , [(C)C]
<:rr, , different varieties can be named according to the number of carbon atoms contained in their unit structure. For example, nylon shows that it is obtained by the ring-opening polymerization of caprolactam containing 3 carbon atoms.
<:rr, , Nylon, nylon and other aliphatic nylon are composed of linear macromolecules with amide bonds (C). There are C and C groups in nylon molecules, which can form hydrogen bonds between or within molecules, and can also be combined with other molecules. Therefore, nylon has better moisture absorption capacity and can form a better crystal structure. Because only weak van der Waals forces can be generated between C (methylene) molecules in nylon molecules, the molecular chain of the C segment is more curled. Due to the different number of C's in various nylons, the hydrogen bonding forms between molecules are not exactly the same, and the probability of molecular curling is also different. In addition, some nylon molecules are directional. The directionality of the molecules is different, and the structural properties of the fibers are not exactly the same.
<:rr, , , Morphological structure
<:rr, , The morphological structure observed under a microscope of nylon produced by melt spinning method has a circular cross-section and no special longitudinal structure. A filamentous fibril structure can be observed under an electron microscope, and the fibrils of nylon are approximately 1 in width. If special-shaped spinnerets are used, nylon with various special cross-sectional shapes can be made, such as polygonal, multi-lobed, hollow and other special-shaped cross-sections. Its focused structure is closely related to the stretching and heat treatment during the spinning process. The macromolecular main chains of different nylon fibers are composed of carbon atoms and nitrogen atoms connected together.
<:rr, , Special-shaped fiber can change the elasticity of the fiber, give the fiber a special luster and bulkiness, and improve the fiber's cohesion and covering capabilities, as well as its anti-pilling and static electricity reduction properties. For example, triangular fibers have a flash effect, pentagonal fibers have a fat-like luster, good hand feel, and are resistant to pilling. Hollow fibers have low density and good warmth retention due to the cavity inside.
<:rr, , Polyamide (commonly known as nylon) was the first resin developed by an American company for use in fibers and was industrialized in 2000. In the 1990s, injection molded products began to be developed and produced to replace metal to meet the requirements of lightweight and cost-reducing downstream industrial products. The main chain of polyamide contains many repeating amide groups. When used as a plastic, it is called nylon. When used as a synthetic fiber, it is called nylon. Polyamide can be made from diamines and dibasic acids, or amino acids or cyclic lactams. to synthesize. Depending on the number of carbon atoms contained in diamines and dibasic acids or amino acids, a variety of different polyamides can be produced. There are dozens of polyamide varieties, among which polyamide, polyamide and polyamide are the most widely used. widely.
<:rr, , The chain link structures of polyamide, polyamide and polyamide are [(C)C], [(C)C(C)C] and [(C)C(C)C respectively ]. Polyamide and polyamide are mainly used to spin synthetic fibers called nylon and nylon. Nylon is a thermoplastic engineering plastic with excellent mechanical properties.

: r, >has good comprehensive properties, including mechanical
properties: r, >, heat resistance, wear resistance, chemical resistance
chemical resistance: r, > It has good properties and self-lubricating properties, low friction coefficient, certain flame retardancy, and is easy to process. It is suitable for use with glass fiber and other
fillers: r, >filling enhancement modification to improve performance and expand application scope. There are many varieties, including,,,,,,,,, etc., as well as many new varieties such as semi-aromatic nylon and special nylon developed in recent years. Nylon
Plastic products: r, > Metal sodium, sodium hydroxide, etc. can be used as the main
catalyst: r, >, with acetyl caprolactam as the cocatalyst, so that caprolactam can be polymerized directly in the model through negative ion ring opening And it is called cast nylon. This method facilitates the manufacture of large plastic parts.
: r, >Synthetic fiber: r, >. The emergence of nylon has given
textiles: r, > a new look
: r, >, and its synthesis is a major breakthrough in the
synthetic fiber industry: r, > and is also
Polymers: r, >An important milestone in chemistry: r, >.