Methods of counterfeiting black glaze wares from Jian Kiln and corresponding identification methods ①

Methods of counterfeiting kiln-built black glaze ware and corresponding identification methods ① The popular forgeries of kiln-built black glaze ware currently on the market can be divided into three types. Due to limited space, the author will describe this type separately
Type 1 of counterfeiting: whole New work
The so-called new work of the whole equipment refers to the imitation of the whole piece. There are two situations here. One is the imitation works made by relevant research departments in order to restore traditional craftsmanship, and the other is imitation works specially made for the purpose of forgery.
.After the kiln site was excavated in the 1990s, the cultural relics department fired kiln-building utensils in order to study and restore traditional crafts and to make related gifts. The main imitations include gold rabbit hair, silver rabbit hair, oil droplets, Yaobian, etc. In the past, this type of utensils were mainly produced to study traditional crafts, restore traditional crafts, and meet the needs of international and domestic friends and travel gifts. However, over time, some of them flowed into the market and became fakes that replaced the genuine ones.
Since the purpose of the firing was not for forgery, these artifacts retain obvious modern craftsmanship features and are not difficult to identify. The main points are as follows: First, the temperature is high, the carcass is completely porcelain, and the glaze is completely vitrified. When tapped by hand, the sound is clearer and has a springy feel. Second, it is not made according to all the characteristics of ancient artifacts, such as Third, most of the bases are not chamfered. A modern kiln is used, so the temperature and atmosphere in the furnace are uniform and constant with few changes. The installation is flat and standardized, so the dripping glaze is regular and even. The floor inside the vessel is flat and not tilted. Fourth , there are no traces of use or wear on the surface. Even if it is old, the traces are regularly distributed and easy to identify. Five, such as tethered utensils, the strips have no protruding feeling and are flat when touched by hand. Sixth, if it is oil droplets, the oil droplets will float visually, and they can be seen to overlap and blend under a magnifying glass.
.In the past ten years, as kiln-building wares have gradually entered the market and been accepted by people, antique dealers and collectors in Japan and Taiwan, especially, have a strong enthusiasm for collecting kiln-building wares, resulting in the price of kiln-building wares increasing year by year. With prices rising, some antique dealers began to use modern industrial equipment to imitate kiln-building utensils and sell them at high prices to make profits. These imitation workshops are mainly concentrated in northern Fujian, especially near kiln sites. The main imitations are various kinds of rabbit filaments, oil droplets, and obsidian lamps. In the past five years, newly burned imitation partridge spot lamps have appeared. Since this part of the fakes are artificially aged, and the production process is completely based on the shape of ancient artifacts, it is slightly difficult to identify. The main points are as follows
Among them: ① high temperature, complete porcelain body, The glaze surface is completely vitrified, and it looks like a mirror when you tap it with your hands. The clearer the sound, the more elastic the feel.
The second step is completely based on the shape, size and appearance of the ancient artifacts, so it conforms to the appearance characteristics of the ancient artifacts. Only the chamfers are stiff and the glaze is too even.
The third part is that most of them are fired in modern small kilns and the fire is even. The temperature and atmosphere in the kiln are controlled constant, and the placement is smooth and standardized. The hanging glaze beads are regular and even. The inner bottom surface is flat with few inclined surfaces
The ④, the surface is artificially aged, the traces are regularly distributed, and some have traces of chemical treatment
The ⑤, the silver rabbit hair and silver oil droplets are made of imported special glaze After firing, the two glazes on the surface are in a blended state, and the overlapping relationship can be clearly seen under a magnifying glass
⑥, if there is a water line, there is no obvious excess between the glaze water above the water line and the glaze water below the water line, and there is no slipping phenomenon
The ⑦, the carcass is either black or dark gray, which is quite different from the real thing
The ⑧, the new imitation partridge spot ware, is mostly fired at one time, and the spots are under the glaze.
The ⑨, such as those imitating rust spots and watermelon rinds, have different production techniques from the original ones: the stripes and spots on the original ones are all lumpy or weeping willow-shaped, with larger tops and smaller ones below, and residual iron can be seen on some items. Medium, while the stripes and spots of new imitation wares are painted, in stripe shape, with obvious starting and ending points, and are all under the glaze, giving a floating feeling, and the glaze surface is mirror-like.
Whether it is the first method or the second method above, it can be easily identified using the thermoluminescence test method, and the effective identification rate can reach more than %.
The article is selected from: Xinchang Silver Artwork Appraisal Database (public account zh), which aims to provide everyone with high-quality art collection and appraisal knowledge and is updated every day.