Phenacetin*CAS 62-44-2 *Yuancheng

Phenacetin* *Yuancheng
Chinese synonyms phenacetin acetyl phenacetin acetyl ethoxy aniline p-acetyl ethoxy aniline phenacetin acetyl ethoxy ethoxy aniline Acetanilide
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Related categories Pharmaceutical and biochemical raw materials Other
/>Chemical properties: white shiny scaly crystals or white crystalline powder. Melting point ℃, refractive index Insoluble in water, slightly soluble in ether, slightly soluble in boiling water, soluble in ethanol and chloroform. It does not show color when dissolved in concentrated sulfuric acid. It turns orange when nitric acid is dropped into the solution. Odorless, slightly bitter taste.
Standards issued by the Ministry of Quality Standards or the British Pharmacopoeia version
Uses Antipyretic and analgesic drugs, used to treat fever, headache, neuralgia, etc.
Antipyretic and analgesic drugs phenacetin The pain effect is similar to that of acetylsalicylic acid. It is mainly used as an antipyretic and analgesic with slow and long-lasting effects. It is effective in treating headaches, neuralgia, joint pain and fever, but its anti-rheumatic and anti-inflammatory effects are weak. Excessive dosage can lead to methemoglobinemia and cause hypoxia in the body. Long-term use can damage the kidneys and even cause necrosis, so it should be used with caution. Due to its toxic and side effects and the rapid development of other similar drugs, this drug has stopped being used alone and is only used as a raw material drug and compound preparations with other drugs. It is often combined with aspirin and caffeine to form compound aspirin, which consists of phenacetin, aspirin, and caffeine. It is less toxic and is used to treat colds. If a small amount of chlorpheniramine is added to the above drugs, chlorpheniramine tablets can also be made, which can be used to treat cold headaches, neuralgia, rheumatic pain, etc.
Phenacetin itself has no antipyretic and analgesic effects. In the body, it is metabolized and decomposed into acetaminophen, that is, paracetamol, to exert its antipyretic and analgesic effects. It also decomposes into phenylethyl ether, which not only has no antipyretic and analgesic effect, but is also the main factor in the toxic side effects of phenacetin.
China began to produce phenacetin in 2008. It is produced by etherifying nitrochlorobenzene and ethanol to obtain p-nitrophenylethyl ether, which is then reduced to p-aminophenylene ether and then acetylated with acetic acid.
Side effects: Long-term use of preparations containing phenacetin can cause renal necrosis, interstitial nephritis, etc., and may even induce renal pelvis cancer and bladder cancer. Phenacetin also easily causes hemoglobin to form methemoglobin, which reduces the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood and causes a cyanosis reaction. In addition, phenacetin can also cause hemolysis and hemolytic anemia, and has certain toxicity to the retina. Long-term use of phenacetin can also cause dependence on the drug. Foreign countries such as the United States, Britain, Germany, Japan and other countries have decided to cancel phenacetin, or require that its packaging must indicate that it cannot be taken for a long time or in large doses.
Preparation method
Phenacetin can be synthesized by refluxing acetaminophen and ethyl iodide in the presence of anhydrous potassium carbonate in butanone. The crude product was purified by recrystallization in water.
Preparation method
Obtained from acetylation of p-aminophenylene ether.
Heat the mixture of benzene, acetic anhydride and p-aminophenylene ether in an oil bath to azeotrope. After the reaction is completed, cool the reactant to precipitate phenadine. Filter, wash with cold benzene and dry to obtain the yield. It is a theoretical quantity.
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