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Introduction to titanium alloys
Titanium is an important structure developed in the 1900s Metals, titanium alloys are widely used in various fields due to their high strength, good corrosion resistance, and high heat resistance. Many countries in the world have recognized the importance of titanium alloy materials, have successively conducted research and development on them, and have obtained practical applications. From the 1990s to the 1990s, high-temperature titanium alloys and structural titanium alloys for airframes were mainly developed. A number of corrosion-resistant titanium alloys were developed in the 1990s. Since the 1990s, corrosion-resistant titanium alloys and high-strength titanium alloys have been further developed. Titanium alloys are mainly used to make aircraft engine compressor parts, followed by structural parts for high-speed aircraft
History of titanium alloy development
Titanium is an important structural metal developed in the 1990s. Titanium alloys have It is widely used in various fields due to its high strength, good corrosion resistance and high heat resistance. Many countries in the world have recognized the importance of titanium alloy materials, have successively conducted research and development on them, and have obtained practical applications.
The first practical titanium alloy was successfully developed in the United States in 2008. It has good heat resistance, strength, plasticity, toughness, formability, weldability, corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. , and has become the trump card alloy in the titanium alloy industry, and the usage of this alloy has accounted for ~ of all titanium alloys. Many other titanium alloys can be considered modifications of the alloys.
From the 1990s to the 1990s, high-temperature titanium alloys and structural titanium alloys for machine bodies were mainly developed. The use temperature of heat-resistant titanium alloys has increased from ℃ in the 1990s to ~℃ in the 1990s. With the emergence of R-based alloys, the use of titanium in engines is being pushed from the cold end of the engine (fan and compressor) to the hot end of the engine (turbine). Structural titanium alloys are developing towards high strength, high plasticity, high strength and toughness, high modulus and high damage tolerance.
In addition, since the 1990s, shape memory alloys such as -, B, and B have also appeared, and have been increasingly widely used in engineering.
There are hundreds of titanium alloys that have been developed in the world. The most famous alloys are ~3, such as,.,.r,,,,-,-,,,B,B,,3, etc.
According to relevant statistics, the amount of titanium used in my country's chemical industry reached 10,000 tons in 2018, which has decreased year on year. This is the first time that my country's chemical titanium market has experienced negative growth since 2008. In recent years, the chemical industry has been the largest user of titanium processing materials, and its usage has remained above the total usage of titanium materials, accounting for as high as 10% annually. However, as the economy falls into a downturn, the chemical industry will not only see a significant decrease in new projects, but will also face industrial structural adjustments. New production capacity for some products will be controlled and backward production capacity will be gradually eliminated. Affected by this, it is logical that its use of titanium processing materials has shrunk. Prior to this, some industry insiders predicted that the amount of titanium used in the chemical industry would reach its peak within 3 years. Judging from the current market performance, the overall economic weakness in 2020 may bring forward the decline period of chemical titanium.
Titanium Alloy Category
Titanium Alloy: It is a single-phase alloy composed of phase solid solution. Whether at normal temperature or at higher practical application temperature, it is a phase with stable structure and good wear resistance. Higher than pure titanium, it has strong antioxidant capacity. At temperatures ranging from
℃ to
℃, it still maintains its strength and creep resistance, but it cannot be strengthened by heat treatment, and its room temperature strength is not high.
bTitanium alloy: It is a single-phase alloy composed of b-phase solid solution. It has high strength without heat treatment. After quenching and aging, the alloy is further strengthened. The room temperature strength can reach 3~, but the thermal stability is poor. Not suitable for use at high temperatures.
+bTitanium alloy:
It is a dual-phase alloy with good comprehensive properties, good structural stability, good toughness, plasticity and high temperature deformation properties, and can be better processed by hot pressure. It can be quenched and aged to strengthen the alloy. The strength after heat treatment is approximately higher than that of the annealed state, and the high temperature strength is high. It can work for a long time at temperatures of
°C to
°C, and its thermal stability is second to that of titanium alloy.
Among the three titanium alloys, the most commonly used ones are titanium alloy and +b titanium alloy. Titanium alloy has the best machinability, +b titanium alloy comes second, and b titanium alloy is the worst. The code name of titanium alloy is, b titanium alloy code is B, +b titanium alloy code is.
Titanium alloys can be divided into heat-resistant alloys, high-strength alloys, corrosion-resistant alloys (titanium-molybdenum, titanium-palladium alloys, etc.), low-temperature alloys and special function alloys (titanium-iron hydrogen storage materials and titanium-nickel memory alloy), etc. The composition and properties of typical alloys are shown in the table.
Heat-treated titanium alloys can obtain different phase compositions and structures by adjusting the heat treatment process. It is generally believed that the fine equiaxed structure has better plasticity, thermal stability and fatigue strength, and the acicular structure has higher lasting strength, creep strength and fracture toughness. The equiaxed and acicular mixed structure has better comprehensive properties.
Jiawang titanium alloy brands:, ,,,,,,,, ,B,BB,,,,,,,,,,-,B,,-,-,b,,,,,BB,B, ,, ,, B,,,,,3 and more brands.
Advantages of titanium alloy
High strength: The density of titanium alloy is generally around ./cubic centimeter. It is only that of steel. The density of pure titanium is close to the density of ordinary steel. Some high-strength titanium alloys exceed the density by many. Strength of alloy structural steel. Therefore, the specific strength (strength/density) of titanium alloy is much greater than that of other metal structural materials, and parts with high unit strength, good rigidity and light weight can be produced. Titanium alloys are used in aircraft engine components, frames, skins, fasteners and landing gear.
High thermal strength: The operating temperature is several hundred degrees higher than that of aluminum alloys. It can still maintain the required strength at moderate temperatures and can work for a long time at temperatures of ~
℃. These two types of titanium alloys
There is still a high specific strength within the range of />℃~
℃, while the specific strength of aluminum alloy drops significantly at
℃. The working temperature of titanium alloy can reach
℃, while that of aluminum alloy is below
℃.
Good corrosion resistance: Titanium alloy works in humid atmosphere and seawater media, and its corrosion resistance is far better than that of stainless steel. It is particularly resistant to alkali, chloride, and chlorine. Organic materials, etc. have excellent corrosion resistance. However, titanium has poor corrosion resistance to media with reducing oxygen and chromium salts.
Good low-temperature properties: Titanium alloys can still maintain their mechanical properties at low and ultra-low temperatures. Titanium alloys with good low-temperature properties and extremely low interstitial elements, such as titanium alloys, can maintain a certain plasticity at
°C. Therefore, titanium alloy is also an important low-temperature structural material.
High chemical activity: Titanium has high chemical activity and produces strong chemical reactions with water vapor, ammonia, etc. in the atmosphere. When the carbon content is greater than ., hard will be formed in the titanium alloy. When the temperature is higher, a hard surface layer will also be formed. When the temperature is above ℃, titanium absorbs oxygen to form a hardened layer with very high hardness. The hydrogen content increases. , a brittle layer will also form. The depth of the hard and brittle surface layer produced by absorbing gas can reach .~, and the hardening degree is ~3. Titanium also has high chemical affinity and is prone to adhesion to friction surfaces.
Small thermal conductivity: The thermal conductivity of titanium is about / of nickel, / of iron, and / of aluminum, while the thermal conductivity of various titanium alloys is approximately lower than that of titanium. The elastic modulus of titanium alloy is about 1/2 of steel, so it has poor rigidity and is easy to deform. It is not suitable for making slender rods and thin-walled parts. The rebound amount of the machined surface during cutting is very large, about 3 times that of stainless steel, resulting in Severe friction, adhesion, and bonding wear on the tool flank surface.
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