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Is surgery necessary for breast cancer?

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Hu Kankan

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   乳腺癌必须手术吗?

  这个是不确定的,乳腺肿瘤分好多种类型,各种类型有不同的治疗方法,以下介绍乳腺肿瘤的类型及相关治疗:

  (1)乳腺囊性增生病:乳腺囊性增生病是指乳管或腺泡的上皮增生及增生上皮处的乳管扩张或形成囊肿。此病好发于40岁前后的妇女,但青年妇女及年迈老妇亦可患之,自发病到就诊时间长短不一,最短者仅数日,最长者十余年。此病肿物是主要症状,可有4种不同表现:

  单一肿块:多为大囊肿所致,边界清晰,可自由推动,常可确定为囊肿。除非囊内容物过多,张力较大,或肿块深位而误认为实性。囊内容物多清亮,如并发感染则内容混浊。若引起周围组织粘连,邻近[违禁词]时可使[违禁词]回缩。

  多数肿块:是多个囊肿所致,触诊为多发囊性结节,可累及全乳。

  乳腺区段性结节:此结多呈三角形,底边位于[违禁词]边缘,尖端指向[违禁词]。

  [违禁词]溢液(血性或浆液性):乳腺检查无明显阳性发现,但按压乳腺周围区的某些部位(相当于一个乳腺腺叶或几个腺叶),可引起一个乳管或几个乳管溢液。

  此病乳腺疼痛多不显著,为钝疼或刺疼,当乳管开始扩张时可伴疼痛。

  采用中医疏肝理气,化痰通络,活血化瘀及西医激素治疗,效果不佳时,可切除并作病理检查。切除原则为病变区的切除,如病变广泛可酌情全乳腺切除;如果手术后病理检查发现有癌变,则补加根治术。

  (2)乳腺纤维瘤:乳腺纤维瘤是青年妇女最多见的良性肿瘤,大多为无疼性肿物,多在无意中发现;初期较小,但生长较快,长达3cm时生长缓慢或停止生长;呈圆形或卵圆形,边界清晰,多较隆突,扁平者较少,表面不甚光滑,细触之为小结节状,有些呈明显分叶状,中度硬,多无压痛,可自由推动。

  乳腺纤维瘤手术切除效果良好。但乳腺纤维瘤可重复发生,一次手术切除后,可以使乳腺其他部位再发生。如连续不断新生乳腺纤维瘤,则手术难以为继,而患者也常拒绝手术治疗。此时可试用雄激素治疗,月经停止后1周开始口服睾丸素,至下次月经开始前结束,每日小剂量,总量不超过100mg为宜。治疗期间,以不使月经周期紊乱为度。

  (3)乳腺大导管[违禁词]状瘤:乳腺大导管[违禁词]状瘤是指自导管开口起至壶腹以下约1cm的一段乳管所发生的[违禁词]状瘤。以单发为主,多发者少见。临床上乳腺检查可表现为[违禁词]溢液、疼痛、触及肿物三种情况,[违禁词]溢液涂片细胞学检查,可见红细胞和上皮细胞,有时可见瘤细胞,但常常不能确定良性或恶性。

  以[违禁词]溢液为唯一临床表现的乳腺大导管[违禁词]状瘤,处理原则如下:①单纯一条导管溢液,可将该点局部切除,若按压某区段导致溢液,可行区段切除。②多乳管溢液,年老者可行全乳切除,年轻者宜行区段切除。③切除标本做病理检查,最后根据病理检查,再决定是否补加其他治疗。

  [违禁词]状瘤出现以下临床表现,治疗方法如下:①有出血者,可行大导管摘除术。②乳晕旁有小结节者,可将该结节切除。③乳腺中部有明显囊性肿物,尤其瘤体较大时,凡临床诊断不明者,中年以上妇女,宜行全乳切除术,若瘤体较小者,则局部切除即可。

  大导管[违禁词]状瘤癌变者甚属罕见,故不宜视为癌前病变。大导管[违禁词]状瘤局部切除术后复发者很少,故对采用全乳切除治疗要慎

  人参皂苷Rh2斩断乳腺癌魔爪

  当“林妹妹”陈晓旭也因乳腺癌离我们远去,突然感到乳腺癌的魔爪对生命的严重危害。乳腺癌是危害妇女健康的常见恶性肿瘤,全世界每年约有120万妇女发生乳腺癌,有50万妇女死于乳腺癌。在许多西方国家中,乳腺癌的发病率占女性癌肿的首位。在我国,乳腺癌占女性恶性肿瘤的前二位。近年来,乳腺癌的发病率逐年上升,人群发病为23/10万;占女性全身各种恶性肿瘤的7~10%,因此寻找高效低毒的抗肿瘤药物,让患者摆脱乳腺癌的魔爪是刻不容缓的事情。

  人参是自古以来研究较多的名贵中药材,现代医学研究表明,人参具有抗肿瘤、抗衰老、抗辐射等多种生物活性作用,其主要活性成分是人参皂苷。迄今为止,从人参中分离并确定了结构的皂苷有40余种,通过对各种人参皂苷抗肿瘤作用的比较发现,人参皂苷Rh2抑制癌细胞增殖作用的能力最强,是人参皂苷中的最主要抗癌活性成分。人参皂苷Rh2通过抑制癌细胞增殖和诱导癌细胞分化凋亡对多种肿瘤有效,也为乳腺癌的治疗提供了新的武器。

  朱君荣、孙建国等人研究了人参皂苷Rh2对雌激素依赖性人乳腺癌T47D 细胞增殖和凋亡的影响。结果发现,T47D细胞经Rh2作用后生长受抑制,呈剂量依赖性和时间依赖性,半数抑制浓度为 21.6 μg/mL;光学显微镜显示T47D细胞经Rh2作用后呈较明显的凋亡形态学改变;流式细胞仪检测证实,Rh2能在一定浓度 范围内诱导T47D细胞凋亡,将细胞周期阻滞于G1期,并使Caspase-3表达增加。说明Rh2 能抑制T47D细胞增殖并诱导其凋亡,对乳腺癌有效。

  人参皂苷Rh2还具有很好的安全性,吉林人参研究所高峰等人通过实验证实,人参皂苷Rh2对正常小鼠和犬的神经系统、呼吸系统、心血管系统无明显影响,这与其他抗癌化疗药物有明显不同。

  正因为人参皂苷Rh2的高效、低毒,在杀伤肿瘤细胞的同时不损害正常细胞,被称为“癌细胞狙击手”。同时它还是“免疫细胞激活剂”,可通过激活免疫细胞功能,而发挥人体自身免疫系统对癌细胞的清除,利于患者康复。(“今幸胶囊”的主要功效成分就是人参皂苷Rh2,目前已被批准上市,其采用国际先进的专利技术实现了工业化大生产,每粒含人参皂苷Rh2高达20多毫克)。

  人参皂苷rh2厂家胡顾问24小时咨询热线:18969068960(胡顾问)

  更多肿瘤康复咨询联系QQ:1906227307,也可通过手机号QQ直接添加微信咨询

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