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High-quality B design
.Component layout
Reasonable component layout is the basic prerequisite for designing high-quality B-drawings. The requirements for component layout mainly include six aspects: installation, stress, heating, signal, and aesthetics.
..Installation
Refers to the specific application situation, in order to smoothly install the circuit board into the chassis, shell, slot, without causing space interference, short circuit and other accidents, and to keep the designated connector in the chassis or A set of basic requirements for a specified location on the enclosure. I won’t go into details here.
..Stress
The circuit board should be able to withstand various external forces and vibrations during installation and work. For this reason, the circuit board should have a reasonable shape, and the positions of various holes (screw holes, special-shaped holes) on the board should be arranged reasonably. Generally, the distance between the hole and the edge of the plate must be at least greater than the diameter of the hole. At the same time, it should also be noted that the weakest section of the plate caused by the special-shaped hole should also have sufficient bending strength. The connectors on the board that directly extend out of the equipment shell must be properly fixed to ensure long-term reliability.
.3. Heating
For high-power devices that generate serious heat, in addition to ensuring heat dissipation conditions, attention should also be paid to placing them in appropriate locations. Especially in precision analog systems, special attention should be paid to the adverse effects of the temperature field generated by these devices on the fragile preamplifier circuit. Generally, the very high-power part should be made into a separate module, and certain thermal isolation measures should be taken between it and the signal processing circuit.
..Signal
Signal interference is the most important factor to be considered in layout design. The most basic aspects are: Separate weak signal circuits from strong signal circuits or even isolate the AC part from the DC part. Separate the high frequency part from the low frequency part. Pay attention to the direction of the signal lines, the layout of the ground wires, and appropriate shielding, filtering and other measures. These have been repeatedly emphasized in numerous treatises and will not be repeated here.
..Beautiful
Not only should the components be placed neatly and orderly, but also the wiring should be smooth and graceful. Since ordinary laymen sometimes emphasize the former to one-sidedly evaluate the merits of circuit design, for the sake of product image, the former should be given priority when performance requirements are not stringent. However, in high-performance applications, if double-sided panels have to be used and the circuit board is also packaged inside and cannot be seen at ordinary times, priority should be given to the beauty of the wiring. The aesthetics of wiring will be discussed in detail in the next section.
.Wiring Principles
The following is a detailed introduction to some anti-interference measures that are not common in the literature. Considering that double-sided panels are still widely used in practical applications, especially in product trial production, the following content mainly focuses on double-sided panels.
..Wiring Aesthetics
When turning, avoid right angles and try to use diagonal lines or arc transitions.
The wiring should be neat and orderly, and arranged in categories and centralized arrangements. This can not only avoid mutual interference of signals of different natures, but also facilitate inspection and modification. For digital systems, there is no need to worry about interference between signal lines (such as data lines and address lines) in the same camp, but control signals such as reading, writing, and clocks should be kept alone, and it is best to use ground wire protection. stand up.
When paving a large area (discussed further below), try to keep a reasonable equal distance between the ground wire (actually it should be the ground) and the signal wire, and try to be as close as possible while preventing short circuits and leakage.
For weak current systems, the ground wire and power wire should be as close as possible.
For systems using surface-mount components, the signal lines should be routed as far as possible from the front.
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