Year1
- 型号：
- 各种
- 功率：
- 1.6
- 产水量：
- 25
1. Several reasons for using dynamic ion cluster water treatment unit
The traditional method of treating circulating cooling water mainly involves adding chemicals. Inhibit microbial growth and scaling, but because the concentration of pharmaceuticals and inorganic salts in the water increases with the evaporation of water, part of the cooling water containing pharmaceuticals and inorganic salts must be discharged, and clean water must be replenished in a timely manner. Problems caused by traditional treatment methods: Increased water consumption in the system and large amounts of drainage, which indirectly leads to increased water bills. Microbial resistance to antibiotics requires timely and timely changes in drugs. However, the three major problems of scaling, biofilm, and Legionella still cannot be solved. solve it completely.
The circulating cooling water system formed by cooling towers and other equipment is one of the places where Legionella bacteria can easily survive and multiply. At the same time, the cooling tower cooling fans can be used to spread Legionella bacteria to every corner of the city, which is harmful to the human body. causing great harm.
2. Illustration illustrating traditional water treatment and ion cluster
From the figure, we can clearly see the effect of ion cluster. Below we will analyze in detail the various problems and treatment plans in circulating cooling water.
The main components of scaling on the internal and external surfaces of pipes in circulating cooling water systems are calcium salts and magnesium salts. Their solubility decreases as the temperature increases, and these salts will be deposited on the heating surface, see the figure.
The relationship between surface scaling thickness and thermal efficiency
Scale thickness
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Thermal efficiency loss
, Biofilm in cooling circulating water
Many conditions such as the suitable temperature of circulating cooling water, a large amount of unclean air, and an open water collection pool exposed to direct sunlight, all have Conducive to the survival and reproduction of various microorganisms.
A large number of field experiments have proven that it is difficult for scale to form on the inner and outer surfaces of clean heat exchanger pipes. The scale formed after the inorganic matter has precipitated is a loose powder that is easily washed away by the water flow. However, once microorganisms are generated and then produce biofilms, the polymers produced by the combination of inorganic precipitation and biofilms will be difficult to handle.
Legionella in cooling circulating water
Legionella is a general term for a species of bacteria, which is a gram-negative, aerobic, dry-shaped bacterium. Its size is about ~ meters and can be carried by water vapor and water droplets. It enters the human respiratory tract and parasitizes lung tissue cells.
Once people are infected by Legionella, a milder form of Legionella is called Vantage's disease. The patient is like a severe cold and generally does not turn into pneumonia. As long as the right medicine is prescribed, the other form of Legionella can usually be cured within days. Known as pneumophila Legionnaires' disease, the onset of the disease presents typical symptoms of pneumonia within 1 to 3 days of infection.
After Legionnaires' disease was first discovered in Beijing in 2009, my country has included it in the list of infectious diseases for prevention and control.
Legionella bacteria are commonly found in water environments, and the temperature conditions for their survival and reproduction are ~℃ (optimum ~℃).
3. Judgment of the stability of circulating cooling water quality
, saturation index method
In the formula, the saturation index (Langelier index)
The thermal resistance is the reciprocal of the heat transfer coefficient.
Example values for water
Values at the calcium carbonate saturation equilibrium of water
At that time, the calcium carbonate in the water is in a supersaturated state and has a tendency to scale.
At that time, the calcium carbonate in the water was just in equilibrium and did not corrode or scale.
When <, the water is oversaturated and has a tendency to corrode.
, Stability index method
, Critical value method
Use experimental methods to measure the value of water when scaling just occurs, which is called the critical value and is represented by .
Dynamic ion group control value Conductivity Turbidity Calcium ions Magnesium ions Legionella microorganisms
Chloride ions Total hardness Zinc ions Total iron ions Orthophosphorus Total phosphorus
Abbreviation of ion group
Four , Control principle of dynamic ion group
In the spray cooling tower, Legionella is most likely to breed. Legionella is also a type of SARS bacteria that can multiply rapidly at ~℃ water temperature. This bacteria is usually found in air conditioning cooling towers, humidifiers and hot and cold water pipes, and is carried by flying water droplets and dust through buildings. The ventilation system and the fresh air system of the air conditioner enter the room. The "Hygienic Management Measures for Centralized Air-conditioning and Ventilation Systems in Public Places" issued by the Ministry of Health in September 2017 clearly stipulates that Legionella bacteria shall not be detected in cooling water and condensed water of air-conditioning systems.
Phosphate and polymer antiscalants
The cooling water system is operated under high water concentration multiples. Since phosphates will adhere to the metal surface in large amounts, it will cause scaling hazards, and, Polyphosphate will hydrolyze to form orthophosphate and produce phosphate scale. Finally, there is a compound agent of phosphate and polymer scale inhibitor, which can still fully exert the corrosion and scale inhibition effects even if the cooling water is highly concentrated.
The main component of the catalyst is nanoscale titanium dioxide. After absorbing ultraviolet rays from the sun, it can form reactive oxygen species superoxide, destroy the cell membrane of the cells where the virus is hosted, solidify the protein of the virus, and inhibit the activity and activity of the virus. The reproduction of bacteria and the sterilization ability reach.
Chemical fungicides are usually strong oxidants that can oxidize metabolic enzymes in microorganisms, thereby killing microorganisms. Oxidizing fungicides have good killing ability against all microorganisms.
Oxidative fungicides act as poisons on microorganisms, destroying their metabolism or dividing their cell walls.
Separating agents use microbial strippers in cooling water. They cannot directly kill microorganisms, but they can strip microorganisms from the system and be flushed away or killed by biocides. The most important feature is that the stripper can remove the deposition of microbial slime and ensure the cleanliness of the system. This is the most effective method to control Legionella.
Silver Oxide
The massive reproduction and growth of microorganisms in the circulating cooling water system will deteriorate the water quality and affect the normal operation of the system. The silver-loaded glass antibacterial agent developed in Japan uses phosphate glass and borosilicate glass as carriers, and silver oxide is added as a bactericidal component during the glass melting process. Adding an appropriate amount of the above-mentioned soluble glass and an appropriate amount of copper-zinc alloy fiber to the cooling circulating water tank can permanently inhibit bacteria, eliminate algae and prevent contamination. Another type of sterilizing glass for industrial circulating cooling water is composed of,,, and. Since it does not contain boron, this glass has low cost. A small amount of it can increase the content in the glass and slow down the deliquescence of the glass. It has stronger sterilizing and algae killing properties and is more durable. lasting.
Air-conditioning water system
Some pathogenic microorganisms, such as Legionella, often breed in hot water systems, including air-conditioning water systems, which endanger human health. Direct use of silver salt can effectively kill Legionella bacteria in hot water systems. Studies have shown that silver ions of / can effectively control the growth of Legionella in circulating hot water systems. In order to control Legionella in hot water systems, copper-silver ion composite bactericides are now more commonly used. In the hospital hot water system, a copper-silver ion composite bactericide containing silver ions/ and copper ions/ was used to control Legionella and achieved good results.
Swimming Pool Water Treatment
Fungicides for swimming pool water treatment must have a high degree of safety, so silver-containing fungicides have broad application prospects in this field. Invented a bactericide that can be used for swimming pool water treatment. This agent uses positive-valent silver oxide as the main bactericidal substance. It can exist stably in water, has high bactericidal efficiency, and is highly safe for the human body. It can completely replace Chlorine and bromine fungicides.
Drinking water treatment
Detong Company has developed a highly dispersed silver-based activated carbon fiber bactericide for drinking water, which can slowly release silver ions after contact with water, thereby achieving a bactericidal effect. According to reports, this highly dispersed silver-type activated carbon fiber can completely kill common pathogenic E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus after contact with water.
Boron oxide
Added to convert the volatile into less volatile or convert the chloride ions into hydrogen and drive them away. It has been used to precipitate iron into ferric hydroxide or convert zinc into zincate, which can prevent it from being retained by vessels and allow quantitative recovery. This is because boron reacts with silicon and lead to form borosilicate lead glass, which prevents lead from being volatilized. At the same time, due to the Boron oxide forms a two-phase compound, which can be quantitatively transferred into the solution under the action of acid, thereby preventing it from being retained by quartz vessels.
5. Qualitative explanation of Sophora's formula
Dispersion is the particle size. The greater the dispersion, the smaller the particles.
6. Precipitation formation process
, precipitation formation process
, nucleation (formation of crystal nuclei)
Homogeneous nucleation (spontaneous nucleation)
The crystallizing ions first form ion pair ion group crystal nuclei in the supersaturated solution due to electrostatic interaction.
Heterogeneous nucleation (induced nucleation)
Some solid particles in the solution, burrs on the container wall, etc. act as seeds to form crystal nuclei (the number of crystal nuclei remains unchanged).
7. Surface adsorption
The adsorption layer preferentially adsorbs crystallized ions.
The diffusion layer preferentially adsorbs and crystallizes ions to form counter ions of substances with low solubility and low degree of dissociation. When they are similar,
the larger they are, the greater the deformability is and the easier they are to be adsorbed. When they are the same, the larger they are, the easier they are to be adsorbed.
Generally, certain anions and cations are strongly adsorbed
8. Parameters and functional requirements
Filtration accuracy pipeline connection flange
Ion replacement rate turbidity~
Total hardness / Equipment pressure bearing
Current shrinkage multiple ~ times
Descaling and anti-scaling
Rust removal water temperature ~ ℃
Legionella killing rate Algae killing rate
Bacteria killing rate Pressure loss
Flow rate head loss
Pressure difference range~ Electrical anomaly/
Anti-corrosion rate mm/year corrosion rate/
Chroma~ Anion
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